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on November 5th. The event is accompanied by firework

displays, the lighting of bonfires and the ceremonial effigy-burning of one Guy Fawkes.

which took place in 1605 and was a conspiracy

known as "The Gunpowder Plot," intended to take place on November 5th of that year (the day set for the opening of Parliament). The object of The Gunpowder Plot was to blow up English Parliament along with the ruling monarch, King James I.

King James I

The Gunpowder Plot

of King James), hired a cellar beneath the House

of Lords. Within this cellar were secretly stored 36 barrels (almost two tons) of gunpowder, overlaid with iron bars and firewood.

Thomas Percy

a mysterious letter received by Lord Monteagle on October

26th (10 days prior to the opening of Parliament). Monteagle, brother-in-law of Francis Tresham (the author of the correspondence...although it was not proved), was urged in the letter not to attend Parliament.

Lord Monteagle

Francis Tresham

and others, they took steps which led to the

discovery of the hidden cache and the arrest of Guy Fawkes on the night of November 4th as he entered the cellar.

as they attempted to flee or seized shortly thereafter,

were killed, imprisoned or executed.

opening of a new session of Parliament is a

traditional searching of the basement by the Yeoman of the Guard.

November 5th was designated by King James I as

a day of thanksgiving for "the joyful day of deliverance." On the very night of the Gunpowder Plot the people of London celebrate the defeat by lighting fires and taking part in street celebrations.

celebration. The tradition was also established in the British

colonies by the early American settlers and actively celebrated in the New England States under the name of "Pope Day». Today, the celebration of Guy Fawkes and his failed plot remains a tradition in such places as Newfoundland (Canada) and some areas of New Zealand.

the Gunpowder Plot was failed in 1605, bonfires were

lit in London to celebrate its defeat. As early as 1607, there is a record of bonfire celebrations taking place in Bristol on November 5th and it was traditional for children to black their faces with the ashes in imitation of Guy Fawkes who, it was believed, performed a similar function in order to try and camouflage himself.

introduced into the November 5th celebrations is not known,

but it would have been while James I was still on the throne. Later, after the reign of Charles II, children began making guys a few days prior to the event and then parading their creations in the streets while chanting: "Penny for the guy." The money collected was later used to buy fireworks.

an integral part of the celebrations by the 19th

Century. The model guys are usually grotesque with a clumsy air about them. The face is often wicked and may wear a brightly-colored mask. The Guy (effigy) is made out of old clothes stuffed with paper or straw.

the celebrations since 1677. The fireworks are a reminder

of the gunpowder Guy Fawkes hid in the cellar of Parliament.

of Guy Fawkes, the bonfires are used to cook potatoes

wrapped in foil and to heat up soup for the crowds that come to watch the fireworks.

Cake, a sticky cake containing a mix of oatmeal,

ginger, treacle and syrup.

and marshmallows toasted in the fire.

barrels on their shoulders down the length of the

town’s High Street. When one man’s 50-pound barrel gets too hot to handle, another man takes over - then another, and then another, until the flames die out and the barrel crumbles into ashes.

of Guy Fawkes Night are as integral to the

custom as the burning of the Guy and the lighting of fireworks.
Rumour, rumour, pump and derry, Prick his heart and burn his body, And send his soul to Purgatory.
(Usually sung by children around the burning bonfire with the guy on top)

plot. I see no reason why gunpowder treason Should ever be

forgot. Guy Fawkes, Guy Fawkes, 'Twas his intent To blow up the King and the Parliament. Three score barrels of powder below, Poor old England to overthrow. By God's providence he was catched With a dark lantern and burning match. Holloa boys, holloa boys, God save the King! Hip hip hooray! Hip hip hooray!

A penny loaf to feed ol' Pope. A farthing cheese to choke him. A pint of beer to rinse it down. A faggot of sticks to burn him. Burn him in a tub of tar. Burn him like a blazing star. Burn his body from his head. Then we'll say ol' Pope is dead. Hip hip hooray! Hip hip hooray!