Слайд 2
Linking devices
Position
in the text
The function
of linking
words
Grammatical
differences
Слайд 3
Position in the text
Some linking words normally form
a link between clauses WITHIN a sentence. It is
bad style to start a sentence with these words:
and but so because then until such as
Another type of linking device is used to form a link BETWEEN sentences. These words usually followed by a comma:
Furthermore, Moreover, However, Nevertheless,
Therefore, In conclusion,
Слайд 4
The function of linking words
Linking devices are neither
nouns, nor verbs. They provide a text with cohesion
and illustrate how the parts of the text relate to each other. Here are some of the functions which linking words provide.
Adding extra information to the main point
contrasting ideas
expressing cause and effect
showing exactly when something happened, expressing purpose (why?) and opinion
listing examples
making conclusions and giving emphasis.
Слайд 5
Grammatical differences
Some linking words must be followed by
a clause Subject + Verb + Object
while why because although so whereas when
Other linking words
should be followed by a noun
Linking word + (the) + Noun/Pronoun or gerund
because of despite during in spite of
Слайд 6
Adding
as well as
besides
Moreover,
Furthermore,
What is more,
In addition,
not only
.... but also
another point is that
Contrasting
However,
Although
In spite of
Nevertheless,
On the
contrary,
on the one hand
on the other hand,
whereas
While
In contrast,
Neither...nor
Слайд 7
Expressing
cause /reason
because
as
since
This is why
because of
Due to
Owing to
For
this reason,
Expressing effect /result
so....that
such a...that
Therefore
Thus
Consequently,
As a result,
too...for/to
not enough...for/to
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First (of all)
At first
In the beginning
then
next
Before
After that
afterwards
When
While
during
Soon
immediately
Once
Suddenly
As soon
as
on
No sooner....than
Hardly...when
Finally
Eventually
At the end
In the end
At last
To begin with,
until
Narration
Слайд 9
Expressing purpose
to
so as to
in order that
so that
for (Non-specific)
I
would say that
In my opinion,
I think (that)
I believe (that)
Personally
Apparently,
Expressing
opinion
Слайд 10
Giving examples
for example,
for instance,
For one thing,
this includes,
such as
(for example),
i.e. (that is)
Summing up
/concluding
All in all
overall
generally
In conclusion,
on
the whole
in the main
To sum up,
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Emphasis
especially
particularly
Naturally,
exactly because
above all
Whatever
Whenever
too / enough
The more ....
Слайд 12
Write the sentence again, using the word in
brackets. The meaning must stay exactly the same
1. She
is a very good English speaker. You would think it was her native language.
___________________________________________________________________ (so)
2. There were so many people in the room that we couldn't move.
___________________________________________________________________ (such)
3. We missed the film because there was such a lot of traffic.
___________________________________________________________________ (so)
4. I can't wear this coat in winter, It's not warm enough.
___________________________________________________________________ (too)
5. When he speaks English, I can't understand what he says.
___________________________________________________________________ (enough)
6. We lost the match although we we the better team.
___________________________________________________________________ (despite)
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Использованные источники
http://odintsovo.biz/img/catalog/yellow/urisconsult.gif
https://otvet.imgsmail.ru/download/49970690_de6f6cce363e388e0547d7fadcac206b_800.gif
http://www.cliparthut.com/clip-arts/1341/animated-hourglass-clip-art-1341495.gif
http://mediaturbo.com/images/dart.gif
http://s01.yapfiles.ru/files/17917/dlyamerii.gif
http://www.shkola41.edusite.ru/images/voskznak.gif
http://web42.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/linkepites.jpg
http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwdex.html
http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwd.html