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Презентация на тему word formation

1. Stylistic devices based on the meaning of language unitsMetaphorMetonymyZeugma PunOxymoron Hyperbole Litotes Epithet PeriphrasisPersonification, Allusion, Irony Rhetorical questions.
Expressive means and stylistic devices (part III)The theory of stylistic devices, 1. Stylistic devices based on the meaning of language unitsMetaphorMetonymyZeugma PunOxymoron Hyperbole Metaphor (O.I.Glazunova)Nominal metaphoric phrase/ constructionPredicative metaphoric phrase/ constructionGenitive metaphoric phrase/ construction “And Metaphor (O.I.Glazunova) (2)Adverbial metaphoric phraseAttributive metaphoric phraseSimilePhraseological units MetonymySynecdocheContainer instead of contentCharacteristic feature instead of the objectName of the instrument instead of the action/doer. 2. Stylistic devices based on the structure of language unitsRepetition 1) Lexical Stylistic devices based on the structure of language units (2)Climax – lexical Stylistic devices based on the structure of language units (3)Stylistic inversion Stylistic devices based on the structure of language units (4)Asyndeton - is Stylistic devices based on the structure of language units (5)Chiasm - a 3. Phonetic expressive means and devicesAlliteration – is a device based on 3. Phonetic expressive means and devices(2)Onomatopoeia – (sound imitation) – the use The use of Rhythm and rhyme in versificationRhyme is produced by alternation systems of versification (1)Syllabic system (French poetry) – the same number of types of feet (1) A Foot – is the division of types of feet (2) 3. dactil (3 syllables:1-stressed, 2 – unstressed)EX. systems of versification (2)The type of foot and the number of feet Types of Rhymes (1)Male rhyme -the stress falls on the last syllable), rhyming patterns (1)Paired rhymes –the rhyming pattern is AABBEX. The seed you rhyming patterns (2)Alternate rhymes - the rhyming pattern is ABABEX. A slumber rhyming patterns (3)Enclosing rhymes - the rhyming pattern is ABBAEX. Much have Types of Rhymes (2)Eye-rhyme – when the elements rhymed are similar only
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 1. Stylistic devices based on the meaning of

1. Stylistic devices based on the meaning of language unitsMetaphorMetonymyZeugma PunOxymoron

language units
Metaphor
Metonymy
Zeugma
Pun
Oxymoron
Hyperbole
Litotes
Epithet
Periphrasis
Personification,
Allusion,


Irony
Rhetorical questions.

Слайд 3 Metaphor (O.I.Glazunova)
Nominal metaphoric phrase/ construction


Predicative metaphoric phrase/ construction


Genitive

Metaphor (O.I.Glazunova)Nominal metaphoric phrase/ constructionPredicative metaphoric phrase/ constructionGenitive metaphoric phrase/ construction

metaphoric phrase/ construction

“And down they bring pearls rowe…”
“That

ever Rose on Scotia’s plain…”

“…and Life is a faught…”
“Thou’ll break my heart…”
“How quick Time is flying…”


“…a cup of kindness…”
“…at Fortune’s door…”


Слайд 4 Metaphor (O.I.Glazunova) (2)
Adverbial metaphoric phrase

Attributive metaphoric phrase

Simile


Phraseological units

Metaphor (O.I.Glazunova) (2)Adverbial metaphoric phraseAttributive metaphoric phraseSimilePhraseological units   “He

“He burned with desire…”


«The chrystal streamlets…”


«My Love is like a red Rose…”
«My Love is like a melody,

“I pulled a rose”

Слайд 5 Metonymy
Synecdoche

Container instead of content

Characteristic feature instead of the

MetonymySynecdocheContainer instead of contentCharacteristic feature instead of the objectName of the instrument instead of the action/doer.

object

Name of the instrument instead of the action/doer.


Слайд 6 2. Stylistic devices based on the structure of

2. Stylistic devices based on the structure of language unitsRepetition 1)

language units
Repetition
1) Lexical repetition
Anaphora – the repetition of

he same elements in the beginning of several sentences.
EX.: No tree, no shrub, no blade of grass, not a bird or beast, not even a fish that was not owned!
Epiphora - the repetition of he same elements in the end of several sentences.
2) Syntactic repetition
syntactic tautology or syntactic parallelism
EX. Little Miss Muffet / She sat on a tuffet.


Слайд 7 Stylistic devices based on the structure of language

Stylistic devices based on the structure of language units (2)Climax –

units (2)
Climax – lexical or syntactic repetition of elements

which is combined with gradual increase in the emotional colouring of the sentence.
EX. I got to be agreeable to her. I got to give her presents. … I’m a slave to that woman.
Anticlimax – the opposite to the climax (the final element is obviously weaker in degree).
EX. Music makes one feel so romantic – at least it gets on one’s nerves.

Слайд 8 Stylistic devices based on the structure of

Stylistic devices based on the structure of language units (3)Stylistic

language units (3)
Stylistic inversion
full inversion
(EX. Blessed are

the poor in spirit)
partial inversion
(EX. How little had I realized, that…)
Ellipsis - consists in omission of some parts of the sentence that are easily understood from the context.
EX. The sea is just another sky,
The sky a sea as well…

Слайд 9 Stylistic devices based on the structure of language

Stylistic devices based on the structure of language units (4)Asyndeton -

units (4)
Asyndeton - is a deliberate omission of conjunctions.
EX.

There’s no use in talking to him, he’s perfectly idiotic! (reason: because)
Polysyndeton - (opposite to asyndeton) the repeated use of the same connectors before several parts of sentence.
EX. With the curling smoke of wigwams,
With the rushing of great rivers…


Слайд 10 Stylistic devices based on the structure of language

Stylistic devices based on the structure of language units (5)Chiasm -

units (5)
Chiasm - a reversed version of syntactic parallelism.
EX.

Down dropped the breeze,/ The sails dropped down.
Antithesis - a structure that stresses a sharp contrast in meaning between the parts within 1 sentence.
EX. Some people are wise, some otherwise.
One man’s meat is another man’s poison.



Слайд 11 3. Phonetic expressive means and devices
Alliteration – is

3. Phonetic expressive means and devicesAlliteration – is a device based

a device based on repetition of the same or

similar sounds at close distance, which makes speech more expressive.
EX. Willy-nilly (volence-nolence), hurly-burly (=noise).
Assonance – (a variant of alliteration)
1) repetition of the same vowels only.
EX. The wear and tear of the city life.
2) an imperfect rhyme, when only vowels are rhymed.
EX. Number – blunder, same – cane.


Слайд 12 3. Phonetic expressive means and devices(2)
Onomatopoeia – (sound

3. Phonetic expressive means and devices(2)Onomatopoeia – (sound imitation) – the

imitation) – the use of words which denote some

phenomenon by imitating its real sounding (produced by animals or natural noises).

direct
indirect


Слайд 13 The use of Rhythm and rhyme in versification
Rhyme

The use of Rhythm and rhyme in versificationRhyme is produced by

is produced by alternation of regular alternation of stressed

and unstressed syllables.

Why do you cry, Willie? ('UU/'UU)
Why do you cry? ('UU/')


Слайд 14 systems of versification (1)
Syllabic system (French poetry) –

systems of versification (1)Syllabic system (French poetry) – the same number

the same number of syllables in different lines, whether

stressed or unstressed.
Tonic system (Anglo-Saxon poetry of old times) - the number of stressed syllables.
Syllabic-tonic system of versification (modern English, Russian poetry) is based on the repetition of the same number of stressed and unstressed syllables.


Слайд 15 types of feet (1)
A Foot – is the

types of feet (1) A Foot – is the division

division of poetic line from stress to stress
1.

trochee (2 syllables:1-stressed, 2-nd – unstressed)
EX. Peter, Peter, pumpkin-eater ('U/'U/'U/'U)
2. iambus (2 syllables:1-unstressed, 2-nd – stressed)
EX. And then my love and I shall pace… (U'/U'/U'/U')


Слайд 16 types of feet (2)
3. dactil (3 syllables:1-stressed, 2

types of feet (2) 3. dactil (3 syllables:1-stressed, 2 –

– unstressed)
EX. Why do you cry, Willie?

('UU/'UU)
4. amphibrach (3 syllables, the stress on the 2-nd)
EX. A diller, a dollar, a ten o’clock scholar… (U'U/U'U/U'U/U'U)
5. anapest (3 syllables, the stress on the 3-nd)
EX. Said the flee, ‘Let us fly’… (UU'/UU')


Слайд 17 systems of versification (2)
The type of foot and

systems of versification (2)The type of foot and the number of

the number of feet in the line determine the

Metre of the verse:
trimetre,
tetrametre,
pentametre etc.
Rhyme is created by the repetition of the same sounds in the last stressed syllable of 2 (or more) lines in a stanza.


Слайд 18 Types of Rhymes (1)
Male rhyme -the stress falls

Types of Rhymes (1)Male rhyme -the stress falls on the last

on the last syllable),
the Female rhyme - the

stress falls on the last but one syllable:

EX. When the lamp is shattered (F.R.)
The light in the dust lies dead; (M.R.)
When the cloud is scattered, (F.R.)
The rainbow’s glory is shed. (M.R.)


Слайд 19 rhyming patterns (1)
Paired rhymes –the rhyming pattern is

rhyming patterns (1)Paired rhymes –the rhyming pattern is AABBEX. The seed

AABB

EX. The seed you sow, another reaps; (A)

The wealth ye find, another keeps; (A)
The robes ye weave, another wears; (B)
The arm ye forge, another bears. (B)


Слайд 20 rhyming patterns (2)
Alternate rhymes - the rhyming pattern

rhyming patterns (2)Alternate rhymes - the rhyming pattern is ABABEX. A

is ABAB

EX. A slumber did my spirit seal; (A)
I

had no human fears: (B)
She seemed a thing that could not feel (A)
The touch of earthly wears. (B)


Слайд 21 rhyming patterns (3)
Enclosing rhymes - the rhyming pattern

rhyming patterns (3)Enclosing rhymes - the rhyming pattern is ABBAEX. Much

is ABBA

EX.
Much have I traveled in the realms

of gold, (A)
And many goodly states and kingdoms seen; (B) Round many western islands have I been (B)
Which bards in loyalty to Apollo hold. (A)


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