Презентация на тему The noun

(simple/derivative/compound)
meaning (proper/common)
countability (count/mass )

Compound
1. Simple nouns are nouns which have neither prefixes nor suf­fixes. They are indecomposable: chair, table, room, map, fish, work.
2 Derivative nouns are nouns which have derivative elements (prefixes or suffixes or both): reader, sailor, blackness, childhood, misconduct, inexperience.
3. Compound nouns are nouns built from two or more stems: apple-tree, shipwreck.

as in driver, employer, examiner
-OR, instead of -er,

as in actor, collector, editor; protector, sailor, visitor;
-AR, as in beggar, liar;
-ANT, as in assistant, attendant, servant;
-IST, as in chemist, scientist, typist;
-EE, as in employee, examinee, referee (someone who is referred to), refugee (someone who is forced to take refuge);
-ESS, as in heiress, hostess

verbs
-age, eg breakage, drainage, leakage
-al, eg

approval, arrival, refusal
-ance, eg acceptance, appearance, performance
-ery, eg delivery, discovery, recovery
-ment, eg agreement, arrangement, employment
-SION, eg collision, decision, division
-tion, eg education, organisation, attention, solution
-ure, eg departure, failure, closure

from adjectives
-ance,-ence, eg importance; absence, presence
-TY, - ITY eg ability, activity,

equality, cruelty
-ness, eg darkness, happiness, kindness
- TH, eg length, strength, truth

nouns
-DOM, as in martyrdom, stardom;
-HOOD, as in childhood, motherhood;
-SHIP,

as in friendship, sponsorship.

or more stems, compound nouns often have one stress.

The meaning of a com­pound often differs from the meanings of its elements.

The main types of compound nouns:
noun-stem + noun-stem: apple-tree, snowball;
adjective-stem + noun-stem: blackbird, bluebell;
verb-stem + noun-stem: pickpocket;
(the stem of a verbal may be the first component of a compound noun: dining-room, reading-hall, dancing-girl.)
substantivized phrases: merry-go-round, forget-me-not.

animals, plants, etc: friend, cat, bird, rose
b) concrete objects

having shape: ball, car, hat, hand, house
c) units of measurement, society, language, etc: metre, hour, dollar, family, word
d) the individual parts of a mass: part, element, atom, piece, drop
) a few abstractions, thought of as separate wholes: idea, nuisance, sake, scheme.

and materials: earth, bread, rice, cotton, nylon
B) liquids,

gases, etc: water, oil, tea, air, oxygen, steam, smoke
С) languages: English, French, German, Russian, Chinese, Spanish
D) many abstractions: equality, honesty, ignorance, peace, safety.
E) most -ing forms used as nouns: camping, cooking, clothing, parking, training.
REMEMBER:
blessing, helping, wedding are COUNT nouns

number of/ several
NO are/were

sums of money (in legal English)
Mass nouns
What wonderful weather!
BUT
Go

out in all WEATHERS (fixed expression)


How much money do you have by?
All his money is in real estate

loaf payment

a pay
clothing a garment permission a permit
laughter a laugh poetry a poem
luggage a suitcase work a job
money a coin/a note
REMEMBER!! A play is not an example of play, but a dramatic performance. Work is used as a count noun in a work of art, the works of Shakespeare, road works

can be indicated by referring to:

shape, as in:
a ball of string
a heap of

earth
a sheet of paper/ metal
a bar of chocolate/soap/gold
a loaf of bread
a slice of bread/ meat
a blade of grass
a lump of coal
a stick of chalk/ dynamite
a block of ice
a roll of cloth
a strip of cloth or land

One example of a mass can be indicated by referring to:

as in:
a bag of flour
a bottle of milk
a basket

of fruit
a bucket of water
a sack of coal
by reference to a measure, as in:
a gallon of oil
a kilo of sugar

One example of a mass can be indicated by referring to:

word refers to
a substance, material or phenomenon in

general

as a COUNT NOUN

the word refers to
a separate unit composed of that substance
one occurrence of that phenomenon

a special object

built of stone
I will come with pleasure.
Have pity! Have

you no shame?
This is the age of science
A city without art is dead.
Honour must be satisfied
Most men want success

AS COUNT NOUNS

Do you have a light by your bed?
Wait! I have a stone in my shoe!
It will be a pleasure to see you.
What a pity! What a shame!
Physics is a science.
Painting is an art.
It is an honour for me to be here.
Your play was a great success.
George was a great success in it.

(ie exchange of goods) between our two countries is

flourish­ing

Traffic roars through the city all day long

He runs a small business (ie a small shop)
I think every boy should learn a trade, (ie a way of earning his living, especially by manual work)
NN was convicted of conducting an illegal traffic in drugs

a substance in general


Betty Botter bought some
butter









as CN,

singular and plural, when they refer to
a kind of the substance
a portion of it
This is a very good butter (ie a good kind of butter).
You've only brought me one butter. I asked for two (butters), (ie packets of butter)