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Will- Shall
I / we will and I /
we shall are used with no difference of meaning
in most situations in modern British English.
Will is more common than shall.
In speech, both will and shall are contracted to ‘ll. Use of shall after I and we is more common in formal speech.
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Will is also used
2. to give or
ask for information about the future, in cases where
there is no reason to use a present verb-form
We will need the money on the 15 th.
Will all the family be at the wedding?
It will be spring soon.
She will be here in a few minutes.
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Going to
If a predicted event is very near,
and especially in impersonal statements, going to is also
commonly used for predictions.
Will can also be used in these examples, with no change of meaning.
You're going to fall!
Liverpool are going to win the Cup.
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2. Going to can be used instead of
will in predictions. For some speakers this seems more
colloquial.
I'm sure you 're going to enjoy the film.
I 'm sure you ‘ll enjoy the film.
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Present Cause
We often make a prediction because
we can see the cause of the event.
Look out!
There's a bus coming! It's going to hit us!
I can see you're going to have a baby. When is it due?
He is looking up! He is going to fall into the hole.
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Going to is also used
b) When we talk
about plans, decisions and firm intentions, especially in an
informal style.
We’re going to get a new car soon.
When are you going to get your hair cut?
I’m going to keep asking her out until she says ‘Yes’.
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Future Continuous
The future continuous is used to describe
a situation in the future at a particular time.
This
time next week we'll be eating lunch on the plane!
This time tomorrow I'll be skiing.
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Future Continuous
2. It is also used to
predict a future state or habit at a particular
time in the future.
In ten years time I expect I'll be living in London.
And I'll probably be cycling to work.
Professor Asher will be giving another lecture at the same time next week.
I’ll be seeing you one of these days. I expect.
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Future Perfect
The future perfect looks back from a
point in the future and refers to indefinite time
up to that point.
By the time we get there, the film will have started.
The builder says he’ll have finished the roof by Saturday.
The car will soon have done 100.000 miles.
This means that at the future time when we get there, we can say:
The film has started.
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The Future Perfect Progressive
We can use the
future perfect progressive to say how long something will
have continued by a certain time.
Next Christmas I’ll have been teaching for twenty years.
By her fifth birthday she will have been working in the same office.
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Future Time Clauses
After time expressions when,if, until and
as soon as a present tense form is used,
although this refers to future time.
I‘ll wait for you here until you get back.
If I’m there tomorrow. I’ll phone you.
When it’s ready I’ll give it to you.
2. The present perfect can be used to emphasise the completion of an event.
I'll wait here until you have finished.
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Intention
Going to is used to describe a present
intention.
I'm going to fix the television tomorrow.
2 .
Will is also used for decisions made at the time of speaking.
I know, I'll get him a wallet for his birthday.
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Plans and Facts
The present continuous is used to
describe plans and arrangements which are definite. Such arrangements
may be written in a diary.
Sorry, I can't help you, I'm leaving in the morning.
The present continuous is used to describe fixed arrangements, and to ask about social arrangements.
Are you doing anything this evening?
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we often give the time, date, and /
or place when we talk about future personal arrangements
and fixed plans.
What are you doing this evening?’ ‘I’m washing my hair.’
My car’s having a service next week.
We’re going to Spain in June.
Did you know I’m getting a new job?
What are we having for dinner?
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2. The present simple is used to describe
future events which we cannot control. They may be
facts, such as events in a timetable, or a law.
The plane for Paris leaves at 9.45.
3. The present simple and present perfect can also be used to refer to future time.
I‘ll tell you the news when I see you.
Call me when you have finished.
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We can often use more than one
structure to talk about the same future event. Present
forms emphasize present ideas like intention, certainty and plans. We prefer will / shall when we are not emphasizing present ideas. Compare:
Next year is going to be different - I promise.
Next year will probably be different.
What are you doing next year? You haven’t told me your plans.
What will you do next year - do you know?
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We prefer present forms when are talking about
future events that have some present reality. Compare:
I’m seeing
Pete on Tuesday. (There is an arrangement now.)
I wonder if he’ll recognise me. (No present idea.)
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In predictions, we prefer present forms when there
is outside evidence for what will happen - when
we can see something coming.
Look out - we’re going to crash! (I can see it coming.)
We prefer will when we are talking more about what is inside our heads: our beliefs, guesses, knowledge etc.
Don’t lend him your car - he’ll crash it. (I know him.)
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In polite enquiries the future progressive suggests 'What
have you already decided?‘ giving the idea that we
are not trying to influence people. Compare:
Will you be staying in staying in this evening? (just asking about plans)
Are you going to stay in this evening? (perhaps pressing for a decision)
Will you stay in this evening? (request or order)
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is to, are to, was to
We can talk
about the future by saying that something is to
happen.We often use this structure to talk about official plans and fixed personal arrangements.
The President is to visit Scotland in September.
We are to get a wage rise.
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
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exercises
Choose the most suitable answer.
Why ……………. a new
mountain bike?
are you going to buy
will you buy
are you
going to buy
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Don't phone between 8.00 and 9.00. …………………..then.
I'll study
I'll
be studying
I'll be studying
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Look out! That tree……………………. !
will fall
is going to
fall
is going to fall
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Let me know as soon as Louise ……..
Here
will get
gets
gets
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Great news! Jean and Chris …………to stay with
us.
will come
are coming
are coming
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According to this timetable, the bus …………………at 6.00.
is
going to arrive
arrives
arrives
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I have a feeling that something strange ………………………..in
a minute.
is going to happen
is happening
is going to happen
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The doctor says I ………………..a baby!
will have
am
going to have
am going to have
Can you call me
at 7.00, because ………………tomorrow.
I'll leave
I'm leaving
I'm leaving
If you arrive late at the sale, the best
things ………………. .
will go
will have gone
will have gone
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Mr. Beckham.................... back until six. Can I take
a message?
Won’t be
Is not going to be
Isn’t
Wasn’t
Won’t being
Won’t be
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What ........................ with the money you won in
the lottery?
Will you buy
Are you going to buy
Are you
buying
Will you have bought
Will you buying
Are you going to buy
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I don't think you .............…… any problems at
the airport.
Will have
Are going to have
Are having
Will be having
Will
have had
Will have
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......... your dog with you to Ankara ?
Will
you take
Are you going to take
Are you taking
Will you
be taking
Will have taken
Are you taking * are you going to take
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Can you answer the phone for me? I
.................... for a while.
Will lie down
Am going to lie
down
Will be lying down
Will have lien down
Am lying
Am going to lie down
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All the hotels are full. Where ............ the
night?
Will we spend
Are we going to spend
Are we spending
Will
we be spending
Will we have spent
Are we going to spend
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You'd better not come in July. My mother..................
with me then.
Will stay
Are going to stay
Will be staying
Is
staying
Will have stayed
Will be staying * Is staying
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What time ........................ ?
Will your plane leave
Does your
plane leave
Is your plane leaving
Is your plane going to
leave
Will your plane be leaving
Does your plane leave
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Leave the car here. Maybe the police .............
it.
Will notice
Doesn’t notice
Isn’t going to notice
Won’t be noticing
Won’t notice
Won’t
notice
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By the time we reach home, the rain
…….. .
Will stop
Is going to stop
Will be stopping
Will
have stopped
Is stopping
Will have stopped
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This time next week I ............. on the
beach in Antalya.
Will lie
Is going to lie
Is lying
Will be
lying
Will have lean
Will be lying
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In ten years' time I ................ for a
different company.
Will work
Is going to work
Is working
Will be working
Will
have worked
Will be working
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If we don't get there by 5, the
teacher …… .
Will leave
Is going to leave
Is leaving
Will
be leaving
Will have left
Will have left
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In July they ........... for twenty years.
Will be
married
Is going to be married
Is being married
Will have been
married
Will be being married
Will have been married
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According to computer experts, computers ............. to make
accurate predictions about the future.
Will soon be able
is soon going to be able
Will soon being able
Will have been able
Will soon be able