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Презентация на тему Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply

Содержание

Aggregate DemandReal GDP desired at each price levelInverse relationshipReal balances effectInterest effectForeign purchases effectLO129-
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply29McGraw-Hill/Irwin    Copyright © 2012 by Aggregate DemandReal GDP desired at each price levelInverse relationshipReal balances effectInterest effectForeign purchases effectLO129- Aggregate DemandReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelADLO1029- Changes in Aggregate DemandReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelAD1AD3AD2LO1029- Consumer SpendingConsumer wealthHousehold borrowingConsumer expectationsPersonal taxesLO129- Investment SpendingReal interest ratesExpected returnsExpectations about future business conditionsTechnologyDegree of excess capacityBusiness taxesLO129- Government SpendingGovernment spending increasesAggregate demand increases (as long as interest rates and Net Export SpendingNational income abroadExchange ratesDollar depreciationDollar appreciationLO129- Aggregate SupplyTotal real output produced at each price levelRelationship depends on time AS: Immediate Short RunReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelASISRQfImmediate-short-runaggregate supplyP10LO229- Aggregate Supply: Short RunReal domestic output, GDPPrice level0QfASAggregate supply(short run)LO229- Aggregate Supply: Long RunReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelASLRQf0Long-runaggregatesupplyLO229- Changes in Aggregate SupplyDeterminants of aggregate supplyShift factorsCollectively position the AS curveChanges Changes in Aggregate SupplyReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelAS1AS3AS20LO229- Input PricesDomestic resource pricesLaborCapitalLandPrices of imported resourcesImported oilExchange ratesLO229- ProductivityReal output per unit of inputIncreases in productivity reduce costsDecreases in productivity increase costsLO229- Legal-Institutional EnvironmentLegal changes alter per-unit costs of outputTaxes and subsidiesExtent of government regulationLO229- Equilibrium10092502510514abADAS0LO329- Increases in AD: Demand-Pull InflationReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelAD1ASP1P2Q2Q1QfAD20LO429- Decreases in AD: RecessionReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelAD1ASP1P2Q1 Q2QfAD2cab0LO429- Decreases in AS: Cost-Push InflationReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelADAS1P1P2Q1QfAS2ab0LO429- Increases in AS: Full-EmploymentReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelAD1AS2P1P2 Q2Q1AS1bAD2cP3Q3a0LO429-
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2
Aggregate Demand
Real GDP desired at each price level
Inverse

Aggregate DemandReal GDP desired at each price levelInverse relationshipReal balances effectInterest effectForeign purchases effectLO129-

relationship
Real balances effect
Interest effect
Foreign purchases effect

LO1
29-


Слайд 3
Aggregate Demand


Real domestic output, GDP
Price level

AD
LO1
0
29-

Aggregate DemandReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelADLO1029-

Слайд 4
Changes in Aggregate Demand


Real domestic output, GDP
Price level
AD1




AD3
AD2



LO1
0
29-

Changes in Aggregate DemandReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelAD1AD3AD2LO1029-

Слайд 5
Consumer Spending
Consumer wealth
Household borrowing
Consumer expectations
Personal taxes

LO1
29-

Consumer SpendingConsumer wealthHousehold borrowingConsumer expectationsPersonal taxesLO129-

Слайд 6
Investment Spending
Real interest rates
Expected returns
Expectations about future business

Investment SpendingReal interest ratesExpected returnsExpectations about future business conditionsTechnologyDegree of excess capacityBusiness taxesLO129-

conditions
Technology
Degree of excess capacity
Business taxes

LO1
29-


Слайд 7
Government Spending
Government spending increases
Aggregate demand increases (as long

Government SpendingGovernment spending increasesAggregate demand increases (as long as interest rates

as interest rates and tax rates do not change)
More

transportation projects
Government spending decreases
Aggregate demand decreases
Less military spending


LO1

29-


Слайд 8
Net Export Spending
National income abroad
Exchange rates
Dollar depreciation
Dollar appreciation

LO1
29-

Net Export SpendingNational income abroadExchange ratesDollar depreciationDollar appreciationLO129-

Слайд 9
Aggregate Supply
Total real output produced at each price

Aggregate SupplyTotal real output produced at each price levelRelationship depends on

level
Relationship depends on time horizon
Immediate short run
Short run
Long run

LO2
29-


Слайд 10
AS: Immediate Short Run


Real domestic output, GDP
Price level
ASISR
Qf
Immediate-short-run
aggregate

AS: Immediate Short RunReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelASISRQfImmediate-short-runaggregate supplyP10LO229-

supply
P1
0
LO2
29-


Слайд 11
Aggregate Supply: Short Run


Real domestic output, GDP
Price level
0
Qf

AS
Aggregate

Aggregate Supply: Short RunReal domestic output, GDPPrice level0QfASAggregate supply(short run)LO229-

supply
(short run)
LO2
29-


Слайд 12
Aggregate Supply: Long Run


Real domestic output, GDP
Price level
ASLR
Qf
0
Long-run
aggregate
supply
LO2
29-

Aggregate Supply: Long RunReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelASLRQf0Long-runaggregatesupplyLO229-

Слайд 13
Changes in Aggregate Supply
Determinants of aggregate supply
Shift factors
Collectively

Changes in Aggregate SupplyDeterminants of aggregate supplyShift factorsCollectively position the AS

position the AS curve
Changes raise or lower per-unit production

costs


LO2

29-


Слайд 14
Changes in Aggregate Supply


Real domestic output, GDP
Price level
AS1
AS3
AS2







0
LO2
29-

Changes in Aggregate SupplyReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelAS1AS3AS20LO229-

Слайд 15
Input Prices
Domestic resource prices
Labor
Capital
Land
Prices of imported resources
Imported oil
Exchange

Input PricesDomestic resource pricesLaborCapitalLandPrices of imported resourcesImported oilExchange ratesLO229-

rates

LO2
29-


Слайд 16
Productivity
Real output per unit of input
Increases in productivity

ProductivityReal output per unit of inputIncreases in productivity reduce costsDecreases in productivity increase costsLO229-

reduce costs
Decreases in productivity increase costs

LO2
29-


Слайд 17
Legal-Institutional Environment
Legal changes alter per-unit costs of output
Taxes

Legal-Institutional EnvironmentLegal changes alter per-unit costs of outputTaxes and subsidiesExtent of government regulationLO229-

and subsidies
Extent of government regulation

LO2
29-


Слайд 18
Equilibrium

100
92
502
510
514
a
b


AD
AS
0
LO3



29-

Equilibrium10092502510514abADAS0LO329-

Слайд 19
Increases in AD: Demand-Pull Inflation


Real domestic output, GDP
Price

Increases in AD: Demand-Pull InflationReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelAD1ASP1P2Q2Q1QfAD20LO429-

level


AD1
AS

P1
P2
Q2
Q1
Qf



AD2

0
LO4
29-


Слайд 20
Decreases in AD: Recession


Real domestic output, GDP
Price level


AD1
AS

P1
P2
Q1

Decreases in AD: RecessionReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelAD1ASP1P2Q1 Q2QfAD2cab0LO429-

Q2
Qf

AD2


c
a
b

0
LO4
29-


Слайд 21
Decreases in AS: Cost-Push Inflation


Real domestic output, GDP
Price

Decreases in AS: Cost-Push InflationReal domestic output, GDPPrice levelADAS1P1P2Q1QfAS2ab0LO429-

level


AD
AS1
P1
P2
Q1
Qf




AS2
a
b
0
LO4
29-


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