Презентация на тему Basics of the theory of English

– 9
every 2 hours

streets of Scarborough; after falling into a slough, he

coughed and hiccoughed

Language change is one of the subjects of HISTORICAL

LINGUISTICS.
Diachronic linguistics – historical linguistics
Diachronic approach is often used in contrast to synchronic, a term referring to the study of a language (or languages) at a single point in time, without reference to earlier (or later) stages.

1,000 years ago and their modern English equivalents:

in the English language development:
the Old English (OE) period

(5th to 11th century);
the Middle English (ME) period (11th to 15th);
the New English (NE) period (15th century to present).

Germanic branch of the Germanic languages, a member of

the Indo-European languages.
Modern English is the direct descendant of ME, itself a direct descendant of OE, a descendant of the Proto-Germanic language.
Typical of most Germanic languages, English is characterized by the use of modal verbs, the division of verbs into strong and weak classes, and common sound shifts from Proto-Indo-European known as Grimm's law

Gothic and the Celtic, though blended with a very

different idiom, have the same origin with Sanskrit.”
Sanskrit is certainly one of the older attested members of the family of languages out of which come all the languages of Europe and many in Asia.
Sanskrit was an inflected language which relied on changes at the ends of words (inflections) to indicate grammatical functions in nouns (through case and number) and verbs (through person, tense and mood). Germanic formed a subgroup of the Western Indo-European family — as did Celtic and Hellenic. Germanic further divided itself into three smaller groups: East Germanic, now extinct; North Germanic — the Scandinavian languages, Old Norse in sum; and West Germanic — Dutch, German, Frisian and English, the last two of which were closely connected.

branches:

a script with them. They used runes. The runic

alphabet (called the “futhorc,” named after the first letters of the runic alphabet, just as our “alphabet” is from the first letters of the Greek alphabet) was made up of symbols formed mainly of straight lines, so that the letters could be carved into stone or wood or bone.