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Презентация на тему James Cook

EARLY LIFE 1728 - 1755James Cook was born in 1728 in Marton, England. His father was a farm worker who allowed James to apprentice on coal carrying boats at the age of eighteen. While working
James Cook(1728-1779)The English explorer, navigator, and cartographer James Cook is famous for EARLY LIFE  1728 - 1755James Cook was born in 1728 in Cook sailed to Tahiti on the Endeavor in order to observe Venus The First Voyage (1768–1771) Plymouth – Rio-de-Janeiro – Cape Horn – Tahiti Australia New Zealand HMS  Endeavour  replicaHMS - от His (Her) Majesty's Ship - The Second Voyage  (1772–1775)Cook's second expedition took him to Antarctica. He The 'Resolution' was fitted out with the most advanced navigational aids of Terra  Australis  IncognitaThe name The Third Voyage  (1776–1779)Cook's last expedition was a search for a John Montagu,  4th Earl of Sandwich  (1718 —1792)John Montagu played The Death of Captain James Cook Cook’s third and final voyage Family life (1728-1779)Cook married Elizabeth Batts  (1742–1835). The couple had six The routes of Captain James Cook's voyages.  The first voyage is PlymuthPlymouth's history goes back to the Bronze Age, when its first settlement Rio-de-JaneiroMost people associate Rio de Janeiro with the Statue of Christ the Cape Hornmilestone ['maɪlstəun]этап, рубеж, веха    clipper ['klɪpə]- мор. клипер Sarah Brightman - Cape HornIt was like riding a cork  over Gordon Lightfoot - Ghosts of Cape Horn * 	All around old Cape TahitiAn island of the southern Pacific Ocean it was first settled by New Zealand The animals of New Zealand have a particularly interesting history Kiwi Kiwi have long beaks with nostrils at the tip for sniffing MoaThe giant moa was one of the biggest birds ever known. It The kakapoThe kakapo is ...• the heaviest parrot in the world.• the Batavia / Jakarta /Jakarta, on the island of Java, is the capital TongaA country in the southwest Pacific Ocean east of Fiji comprising about Cape TownCAPE TOWN is southern Africa's most beautiful, most romantic and most AustraliaAustralia - a land so vast and timeless, where ancient Aboriginal cultures HavaiiHawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states (August 21, 1959),
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 EARLY LIFE 1728 - 1755
James Cook was born

EARLY LIFE 1728 - 1755James Cook was born in 1728 in

in 1728 in Marton, England. His father was a

farm worker who allowed James to apprentice on coal carrying boats at the age of eighteen.

While working in the North Sea, Cook spent his free time learning math and navigation, all skills he would need one day to command his own ship.

In 1755 he volunteered for service in the Royal Navy, as Britain was re-arming for the Seven Years' War. Cook realized his career would advance more quickly in military service.

Apprentice
1. подмастерье, ученик (в ремесле)
2. отдавать в учение (ремеслу)
3. быть учеником, подмастерьем

Apprentceship
обучение, учение, ученичество (ремеслу)


Слайд 3 Cook sailed to Tahiti on the Endeavor in

Cook sailed to Tahiti on the Endeavor in order to observe

order to observe Venus as it passed between the

Earth and the Sun.
Precise measurements of this event were needed worldwide in order to calculate a distance between the Earth and the Sun.
During this expedition, he sailed from Plymouth, England, to Brazil, around Cape Horn (the southern tip of South America), and to Tahiti, where he stayed for months in order to observe the transit of Venus .
Then he mapped New Zealand and the east coast of Australia (known as New Holland at the time).

In October, 1770 Cook reached Batavia, Java, where about 30 members of the crew died from malaria (a disease carried by mosquitos).

On July 13, 1771, the Endeavor returned to England after a journey of almost three years.

The First Voyage (1768–1771)


Слайд 4 The First Voyage (1768–1771) Plymouth – Rio-de-Janeiro – Cape

The First Voyage (1768–1771) Plymouth – Rio-de-Janeiro – Cape Horn –

Horn – Tahiti – New Zealand - Batavia -

Plymouth

Слайд 5 Australia

Australia

Слайд 6 New Zealand

New Zealand

Слайд 7 HMS Endeavour replica
HMS - от His (Her) Majesty's

HMS Endeavour replicaHMS - от His (Her) Majesty's Ship - английский

Ship - английский военный корабль endeavour [ɪn'devə]- попытка, старание; стремление
replica

['replɪkə]- точная копия

Слайд 8 The Second Voyage (1772–1775)
Cook's second expedition took

The Second Voyage (1772–1775)Cook's second expedition took him to Antarctica. He

him to Antarctica. He had a new mission to

find the unknown southern land.

Cook's two ships on this voyage were the Resolution and the Adventure. Again, many scientists accompanied him on the trip.


Слайд 9 The 'Resolution' was fitted out with the most

The 'Resolution' was fitted out with the most advanced navigational aids

advanced navigational aids of the day, including a Gregory

Azimuth Compass, ice anchors and the latest apparatus for distilling fresh water from sea water.

Cook took on fruit and meat at Cape Town, began to see icebergs in December and, on the 17th January, 1773 the 'Resolution' was the first ship to cross the Antarctic Circle. They came near to discovering Antarctica but turned north-east then east to New Zealand.

Слайд 10 Terra Australis Incognita
The name "Australis“
means "Southern" or
"from

Terra Australis IncognitaThe name

the South" in
ancient Latin


Слайд 11 The Third Voyage (1776–1779)
Cook's last expedition was

The Third Voyage (1776–1779)Cook's last expedition was a search for a

a search for a Northwest Passage between Alaska and

Asia. He sailed from England on July 12, 1776, on the Resolution.

On January 18, 1778 Captain Cook and his crew were surprised to find the Hawaiian islands. He named them the "Sandwich Islands“ (for the Earl of Sandwich, one of Cook's patrons, now called Hawaii).
After a short time Cook's ships left, but were forced to return because the Resolution needed some repairs. At first Cook was treated as a god by the islanders but this time the mood had changed.

Cook was stabbed on 14 February 1779 when he was trying to make the natives return a stolen sailboat. The ship returned to England without Cook on October 4, 1780.


Слайд 12 John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718 —1792)
John

John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718 —1792)John Montagu played an

Montagu played an important role in the history of

the Royal Navy from 1744 to 1782, which included the American War of Independence and the discovery of Australia and islands of the Pacific Ocean.
He supported Captain Cook's exploratory voyages and, in return, Cook named the Sandwich Islands for him (now Hawaii).
The sandwich was named after him in 1762 when he spent 24 hours at a gaming table without other food.



Слайд 13 The Death of Captain James Cook

The Death of Captain James Cook

Слайд 14 Cook’s third and final voyage

Cook’s third and final voyage

Слайд 15 Family life (1728-1779)

Cook married Elizabeth Batts (1742–1835).

The

Family life (1728-1779)Cook married Elizabeth Batts (1742–1835). The couple had six

couple had six children: James (1763–1794), Nathaniel (1764–1781), Elizabeth

(1767–1771), Joseph (1768–1768), George (1772–1772) and Hugh (1776–1793).
When not at sea, Cook lived in the East End of London East End of London

A statue of James Cook in Greenwich, London, England


Слайд 16 The routes of Captain James Cook's voyages. The

The routes of Captain James Cook's voyages. The first voyage is

first voyage is shown in red, second voyage in

green, and third voyage in blue. The route of Cook's crew following his death is shown as a dashed blue line.

Слайд 17 Plymuth
Plymouth's history goes back to the Bronze Age,

PlymuthPlymouth's history goes back to the Bronze Age, when its first

when its first settlement grew at Mount Batten. This

settlement continued to grow as a trading post for the Roman Empire. In 1620 the Pilgrim Fathers left Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony – the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America.

Harbour view


Слайд 18 Rio-de-Janeiro
Most people associate Rio de Janeiro with the

Rio-de-JaneiroMost people associate Rio de Janeiro with the Statue of Christ

Statue of Christ the Redeemer, one of the new

seven wonders of the world, which overlooks the city from the top of Corcovado Mountain.

redeemer [rɪ'diːmə]- спаситель


Слайд 19 Cape Horn
milestone ['maɪlstəun]
этап, рубеж, веха clipper ['klɪpə]-

Cape Hornmilestone ['maɪlstəun]этап, рубеж, веха  clipper ['klɪpə]- мор. клипер (быстроходное

мор. клипер (быстроходное парусное судно) hazardous ['hæzədəs]-опасный, рискованный

notorious [nəu'tɔːrɪəs]- печально известный; owing to - из-за, вследствие, благодаря, по причине

It is widely considered to be the southern tip of South America. For many years it was a major milestone on the clipper route, by which sailing ships carried trade around the world. However, the waters around the cape are particularly hazardous, owing to strong winds, large waves, strong currents and icebergs; these dangers have made it notorious as a sailors' graveyard.


Слайд 20 Sarah Brightman - Cape Horn
It was like riding

Sarah Brightman - Cape HornIt was like riding a cork over

a cork over a waterfall, sir, and wind is

not the name for what blows in your face, it's something made of iron, swings at you from the west, never changing day in and day out,
with seas as high as the neigh-mast. We had life-lines rigged everywhere, sir, and there were still sixteen men washed overboard. Cold, three men froze in the yards, frozen stiff, sir. Couldn't get them down without cutting their fingers loose from the shrouds. I was lucky...

cork [kɔːk]- пробка, поплавок mast - мачта
rig - оснащать; оборудовать line - верёвка
stiff - одеревенелый; разг. до изнеможения
shrouds- канаты, поддерживающие мачты


Слайд 21 Gordon Lightfoot - Ghosts of Cape Horn
*

Gordon Lightfoot - Ghosts of Cape Horn * 	All around old

All around old Cape Horn
Ships of the line, ships

of the morn
Some who wish they'd never been born
They are the ghosts of Cape Horn
Fal deral da riddle de rum
With a rim dim diddy
And a rum dum dum
Sailing away at the break of morn
They are the ghosts of Cape Horn

See them all in sad repair
Demons dance everywhere
Southern gales, tattered sails
And none to tell the tales

Come all of you rustic old sea dogs
Who follow the great Southern Cross
You we're rounding the Horn
In the eye of a storm
When ya lost 'er one day
And you read all yer letters
From oceans away
Then you took them to the bottom of the sea
*
Come all you old sea dogs from Devon
Southampton, Penzance, and Kinsale
You were caught by the chance
Of a sailor's last dance
It was not meant to be
And ya read all yer letters
Cried anchor aweigh
Then ya took them to the bottom of the sea
*


Слайд 22 Tahiti
An island of the southern Pacific Ocean it

TahitiAn island of the southern Pacific Ocean it was first settled

was first settled by Polynesians in the 14th century.

Gaugin's best-known works were painted here.

Слайд 23 New Zealand
The animals of New Zealand have

New Zealand The animals of New Zealand have a particularly interesting

a particularly interesting history because, before the arrival of

humans, less than 900 years ago, the country was completely free of mammals, except those that could swim or fly there. This meant that all the ecological niches occupied by mammals elsewhere were occupied by either insects or birds, leading to an unusually large number of flightless birds, including the Kiwi, the Moa, and the Kakapo.
Because of the lack of predators even the bats spend most of their time on the ground. There are also about 60 species of lizard, and four species of frog (all rare and endangered).

predator ['predətə]- хищник

Слайд 24 Kiwi
Kiwi have long beaks with nostrils at

Kiwi Kiwi have long beaks with nostrils at the tip for

the tip for sniffing out their favourite foods.
Kiwi have

wings but they are very small which means kiwi are flightless.
Kiwi feathers are rough.
Kiwi have a very distinctive smell - some say that they smell like a forest mushroom. 
Kiwi defend themselves using their powerful legs and sharp claws to kick and scratch at anything attacking them. They are also fast runners which can help them get away from predators.
Female kiwis lay enormous eggs that can take up 20 percent of their body.
Parents don’t feed the chicks after they hatch because they are already able to find their own food.
During the day they sleep.





Слайд 25 Moa
The giant moa was one of the biggest

MoaThe giant moa was one of the biggest birds ever known.

birds ever known. It was more than three meters

tall and weighed about 250 kilograms.
Because moa couldn’t fly they were easy to catch, especially the chicks which dogs would have eaten. Scientists think that moa were eaten to extinction by 1500.


Слайд 26 The kakapo
The kakapo is ...
• the heaviest parrot

The kakapoThe kakapo is ...• the heaviest parrot in the world.•

in the world.
• the only flightless parrot.
• the only

nocturnal parrot.

nocturnal [nɔk'tɜːn(ə)l]-
активный в ночное время;
способный видеть в темноте



Facts:

- The kakapo does not fly but is a good
Climber and uses its wings for balancing.

- The kakapo lives to a mighty age for a bird,
getting to over 60 years old.

- Kakapo feathers are very soft.

- The kakapo is a good colour for hiding, but
enemies can often find them because of their
strong smell.

- Kakapo are strict vegetarians.

- Unfortunately, the kakapo was very yummy,
and settlers used to eat it.

- There are only 120 kakapo in the world – and
they all have names. Some of them are funny
names like Sinbad, Nora and Richard Henry.


Слайд 27 Batavia / Jakarta /
Jakarta, on the island of

Batavia / Jakarta /Jakarta, on the island of Java, is the

Java, is the capital city of Indonesia. During the

Dutch colonial era, it was called Batavia.

Jakarta [ʤə'kɑːtə]- Джакарта(столица Индонезии)
java ['ʤɑːvə]-о. Ява
Indonesia [ˌɪndəu'niːʒə], [-'niːzɪə] - Индонезия


Слайд 28 Tonga
A country in the southwest Pacific Ocean east

TongaA country in the southwest Pacific Ocean east of Fiji comprising

of Fiji comprising about 150 islands, some 36 of

which are inhabited.
Long inhabited by Polynesians, the islands were sighted by the Dutch in 1616 and visited by the British navigator Capt. James Cook in the late 1700s.
It became a British protectorate in 1900 and gained independence as a constitutional monarchy in 1970.
Nuku'alofa is the capital and the largest city. Population: 117,000.

comprise [kəm'praɪz]- включать;
inhabited [ɪn'hæbɪtɪd]-заселённый
Nukualofa [ˌnuːkuːə'lɔːfə]-Нукуалофа

Слайд 29 Cape Town
CAPE TOWN is southern Africa's most beautiful,

Cape TownCAPE TOWN is southern Africa's most beautiful, most romantic and

most romantic and most visited city. The most striking

and famous of its sights is Table Mountain, frequently shrouded by clouds, and rearing up from the middle of the city.
shroud - покрывать
rear up - возвышаться

Слайд 30 Australia
Australia - a land so vast and timeless,

AustraliaAustralia - a land so vast and timeless, where ancient Aboriginal

where ancient Aboriginal cultures surprisingly blend with modern life

to create one of the most cosmopolitan and friendly nations on earth.

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