Презентация на тему Principles of European construction

Review of the EU
What is the EU ?
EU in

the world

to be European?
geography
culture
religion
economy
policies
history
demography

?
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European = Europe ?

49 countries
Albania, Germany, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaïdjan, Belarus, Belgium,

Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Danemark, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Irland, Iceland, Italy,
Kazakhstan, Lettonia, Liechtenstein, Lituania, Luxembourg,
Former Yougoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malte, Moldavia, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Tchec Republic, Rumania, United Kingdom, Russia,
San-Marinp, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukrain, Vatican

Population : 733 millions inhabitants (2007)

Area : 10,180,000. km2

GDP : 10 300 bln Euros (2006)

Part in the world trade : 21%

the EU

28 countries

Population : 500 millions inhabitants

Area :

10,180,000 km2

GDP : 10 280 milliards of euros

Part of world trade : 20%

- Treaty of Paris is signed
European Coal and Steel

Community

1952-54 – European Community of Defense (CED)
Cold war

1957 - Treaty of Roma is signed
European Economic Community (EEC), or ‘Common Market’.

1986 - Single European Acte (SEA)
Although customs duties disappeared in 1968, trade is not flowing freely across EU borders.
The Single European Act (SEA) revises the Treaties of Rome in order to add new momentum to European integration and to complete the internal market. It amends the rules governing the operation of the European institutions and expands Community powers, notably in the field of research and development, the environment and common foreign policy.

1992 - Maastricht Treaty signed
European Union

2004 – European Constitution signed (non ratified)


Dec.2007, Dec.2009 – Lisbon Treaty
signed and ratified

Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands
1962

- Algeria gains the independence of France and leaves EEC.
1973 - Danemark, United Kingdom, Ireland
1975 - Greenland (part of Denmark) leaves EEC.
1982 - Greece
1986 - Spain and Portugal
1990 – German Democratic Republic joined the FRG
1995 - Austria, Finland, Sweden
2004 - Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic
2007 – Bulgaria, Romania

the EU

countries
Switzerland
Iceland
Norway

Liechtenstein
Andorra
Monaco
San Marino
Vatican

City State

Albania
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Acceding country

No – since 1 Jul 2013






Iceland – 2009

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia – 2000

Montenegro – 2006

Serbia – 2008

Turkey - 1963 the Ankara Association Agreement

Russia
Belarus
Ukraine
Moldova
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia

Candidate countries

EFTA
EEA

Enlargements
Turkey ?

CIS / Russia ?

Maghreb? (Northern Africa)

Israël ?

Middle East?

a border?
The notion of "borders" has many meanings,
proliferation

of related terms
frontier (limit)
boundary
borderland ?
borderline

Border: the line or frontier area separating
political divisions or
geographic regions,
also knowed as boundary

? a fixed line of demarcation

natural border is a border between states which is

composed of natural formations:
Rivers
Seas and Oceans
Mountains ranges
Deserts
...

define geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions,

governments
sovereign states
federated states
open and completely unguarded
state's internal administrative borders,
inter-state borders within the Schengen Area
partially or fully controlled
To cross legally only at designated border checkpoints

the EU border, some notions must be operated:
Democracy: all

countries inside EU have to be democratic state
Human Rights
Asylum : applying for visa
thanks to Schengen Agreement

power is spread out among the Institutions of the

EU:
Council of EU /Council of Ministers
European Parliament
European Commission
European Court of Justice

Rules and Laws:
Europeans Laws: established by treaties
National Laws: established by the State

?Supremacy of the European Laws over the Nationals ones

single economic area in the world:
Common budget for EU
Common

currency for 16 countries: €
Common fiscal policy: growth and stability pact

Inside the UE, free circulation of the factors of production:
Labour: via outsourcing to other european countries
Goods and Services: inter regional competition
Capital: investment and capital movement

of overlapping cultures:
Languages: latin, germanic, slavic, baltic and celtic
Religion:

Christianity (catholism, orthodoxism, protestantism)
Values and Norms:
principle of unity in diversity : collective political and cultural practices
UE identity has emerged from common movements in philosophy, politics, sciences and arts
identity of UE predominantly defined politically:
EU founded on the principles of liberty, democraty, respect for human rights and fundamental freedom

decrease of all the borders inside the EU (Schengen

area), there is still strong external border

Not a perfect unity between all EU countries:
Schengen Zone
Monetary Integration
Divergences of point of view
Not yet European identity

Regional integration in the world economy
The regions in the

globalised world

the international economic integration
Preferential Trade Area
a trading bloc which

gives preferential access to certain products from certain countries. This is done by reducing tariffs, but does not abolish them completely.
Free-trade area (zone)
countries have agreed to eliminate tariffs, quotas and preferences on most (if not all) goods between them
Customs union
+ trade agreement by which a group of countries charges a common set of tariffs to the rest of the world while granting free trade among themselves.
Common market
+ common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of all the three factors of production (land, capital and labour) and of enterprise. The goal is that movement of capital, labour, goods and services between the members is as easy as within them
Economic and monetary Union
+ a common currency, economic and moneraty policies

Minilateralism
Multilateralism
Strategies of integration

integration & globalisation – are they incompatible?


Regional integration

as a stage of the globalisation

Regional integration & globalisation are they opposite ?

integrations
ALENA (Association de Libre-échange nord américain)
NAFTA (North American Free-Trade

Association)
ANASE (Association des nations de l’Asie du Sud-Est)
ASEAN (Association of the South-East Asia’ Nations)
APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)
COMESA (Marché de l’Afrique de l’Est et de l’Afrique australe)
EEA (European Economic Area)
MERCOSUR (Mercado Commun del Sur)
Pacte Andin
SADC (Southern African Devt. Community)
TAFTA (Transatlantic Free Trade Association)

meeting –
Wednesday, the 2nd of Dec, 16:10
Friday, the

4th of Dec, 16:10
Don’t forget to make your presentations
Attention! Presentations – in PPT 2003 !!
No Vista!

01 Mar – list of topics of students’ presentations
2nd

meeting – Wd, 2 Dec – Political integration
History of the European idea
Enlargements
Non ratified Constitution
Lisbon Treaty
Relationship with international organisations – WTO, NATO...
Authority structure in EU
Social regulation in EU
Shengen zone
...
3rd meeting – Fr, 4 Dec– Social-economic integration
European Enterprise
European Competition policy
Customs Union
4 freedoms – free circulation:
goods
services
capitals
persons (and labour)
Energy policy in EU
European Monetary system
Euro
European Central Bank
European Budget and financial limits for national economies
...