Презентация на тему Solar energy

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concentrates solar energy to produce useful solar power.

radiant light and heat from the Sun. Solar radiation

along with secondary solar resources such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass account for most of the availableSolar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun. Solar radiation along with secondary solar resources such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass account for most of the available renewableSolar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun. Solar radiation along with secondary solar resources such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass account for most of the available renewable energy on Earth. Only a minuscule fraction of the available solar energy is used.

of heat engines.

solar or active solar depending on the way they

capture, convert and distribute sunlight.

panels, solar thermal collectors, with electrical or mechanical equipment,

to convert sunlight into useful outputs.

the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or

light dispersing Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

energy reaches the Earth's surface.

solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere.

the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land

masses.

surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared

ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet.

radiation, and this raises their temperature. Warm air containing

evaporated Earth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this raises their temperature. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulationEarth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this raises their temperature. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle.

convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and

anti-cyclones

keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C.

By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.

oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per

year.

that solar, wind or biomass would be sufficient to

supply all of our energy needs, however, the increased use of biomass has had a negative effect on global warming and dramaticallyFrom the table of resources it would appear that solar, wind or biomass would be sufficient to supply all of our energy needs, however, the increased use of biomass has had a negative effect on global warming and dramatically increased food prices by diverting forests and crops into biofuel production. As intermittentFrom the table of resources it would appear that solar, wind or biomass would be sufficient to supply all of our energy needs, however, the increased use of biomass has had a negative effect on global warming and dramatically increased food prices by diverting forests and crops into biofuel production. As intermittent resources, solar and wind raise other issues.

energy storage is an important issue because modern energy

systems usually assume continuous availability of energy.

the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for

daily or seasonal durationsThermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or seasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements.

Glauber's saltPhase change materials such as paraffin wax and

Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system, in 1948.

using molten salts. Salts are an effective storage medium

because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems.

PV systems have traditionally used rechargeable batteries to store

excess electricity. With grid-tied systems, excess electricity can be sent to the transmission grid. Net metering programs give these systems a credit for the electricity they deliver to the grid. This credit offsets electricity provided from the grid when the system cannot meet demand, effectively using the grid as a storage mechanism.

water pumped when energy is available from a lower

elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one. The energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water to run through a hydroelectric power generator.