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Презентация на тему Stylistic aspects of translation
Содержание
- 2. Handling Stylistically-Marked Language UnitsHandling Stylistic Devices
- 3. Handling stylistically-marked language unitsIn different communicative situations
- 4. Handling stylistically-marked language unitsThe principle stylistic effect
- 5. Handling stylistically-marked language unitsSome phrases become fixed
- 6. Handling stylistically-marked language unitsStylistically-marked units may also
- 7. Handling stylistically-marked language unitsSome of the paraphrases
- 8. Handling stylistically-marked language unitsA special group of
- 9. Handling stylistically-marked language unitsComplicated translation problems are
- 10. Handling stylistically-marked language unitsIt would be inappropriate
- 11. Handling stylistically-marked language unitsHe do look quiet,
- 12. Написано у русского автора:«Ой, лють там сегодня
- 13. “It would be murder out there –
- 14. Handling Stylistic DevicesCauses: Different words may acquire
- 15. Causes: Stylistic devices are necessary when
- 16. Causes: One and the same stylistic
- 17. Causes: Stylistic devices in different languages
- 18. STYLISTIC devicesStylistic Devices:Metaphor: - Prolonged metaphor;Metonymy:
- 19. STYLISTIC METHODS OF TRANSLATIONOne should take into
- 20. AlliterationAlliteration- is the repetition of the initial
- 21. Alliteration (functions)The author may use alliteration for
- 22. Alliterationto establish logical connection between the components
- 23. AlliterationVery often it is not necessary to
- 24. STYLISTIC METHODS OF TRANSLATION - Alliteration is
- 25. AlliterationAlliteration should be preserved when possible if
- 26. MetaphorMetaphor is a stylistic device which consists
- 27. Ways of rendering metaphorIn case it is
- 28. Problems of conveying metaphors:the difference in traditional
- 29. Problems of conveying metaphorsthe metaphoric expressions which
- 30. Problems of conveying metaphorsany changes in the
- 31. Problems of conveying metaphorsthe metaphor in the
- 32. Problems of conveying metaphors and simileMetaphors and
- 33. Problems of conveying metaphors and simileWays of
- 34. Problems of conveying metaphors and simileby means
- 35. Problems of conveying metonymyMetonymy- is transference of
- 36. Problems of conveying metonymye.g. Two men entered
- 37. Problems of conveying metonymyThis example contains the
- 38. Problems of conveying metonymyWhile in metaphor this
- 39. Problems of conveying metonymyThe most difficult to
- 40. Ways of rendering metonymyby means of reconstruction
- 41. Ways of rendering metonymythe difference both in
- 42. Ways of rendering metonymyby means of structural
- 43. Ways of rendering metonymye.g. Very soon after
- 44. Ways of rendering metonymyby means of functional
- 45. Ways of rendering metonymye.g. These wheels will
- 46. Ways of rendering metonymyby choosing absolute equivalents
- 47. Ways of rendering metonymyWord-for-word translation due to
- 48. Ways of rendering metonymyby means of reconstruction
- 49. Ways of rendering metonymyE.g. The guards now
- 50. Ways of rendering synecdocheSynecdoche- this variety of
- 51. Ways of rendering synecdocheThe second is using
- 52. Problems of conveying synecdocheThe means of its
- 53. Problems of conveying synecdoche“Ваш чудовий друг на
- 54. Problems of conveying epithetMetonymic epithet - on
- 55. Problems of conveying antonomasiaAntonomasia- is based upon
- 56. Problems of conveying antonomasiaCultural differences. While translating
- 57. Ways of conveying stylistic devices There are
- 58. Скачать презентацию
- 59. Похожие презентации
Handling Stylistically-Marked Language UnitsHandling Stylistic Devices
Слайд 3
Handling stylistically-marked language units
In different communicative situations the
language users select words of different stylistic status.
translator tries to preserve the stylistic status of the original text, by using the equivalents of the same style or, failing that, opting for stylistically neutral units.
Слайд 4
Handling stylistically-marked language units
The principle stylistic effect of
the text is created with the help of special
stylistic devices.The speaker may qualify every object he mentions in his own way thus giving his utterance a specific stylistic turn.
Such stylistic phrasing gives much trouble to the translator since their meaning is often subjective and elusive.
Слайд 5
Handling stylistically-marked language units
Some phrases become fixed through
repeated use and they may have permanent equivalents in
TL,e.g. true love — истинная любовь, dead silence — мертвая тишина, good old England - добрая старая Англия.
But in most cases, however, the translator has to look for an occasional substitute, which often requires an in-depth study of the broad context
Слайд 6
Handling stylistically-marked language units
Stylistically-marked units may also be
certain types of collocations.
Idiomatic phrases may be cited
as an example. Another common type includes conventional indirect names of various objects or "paraphrases".
A frequent use of paraphrases is a characteristic feature of the English language.
Слайд 7
Handling stylistically-marked language units
Some of the paraphrases are
borrowed from such classical sources as mythology or the
Bible and usually have permanent equivalents in Russian (Attic salt - аттическая соль, the three sisters - богини судьбы, the Prince of Darkness - принц тьмы).Others are purely English and are either transcribed or explained in translation:
John Bull — Джон Буль, the three R's — чтение, письмо и арифметика, the Iron Duke - герцог Веллингтон.
Слайд 8
Handling stylistically-marked language units
A special group of paraphrases
are the names of countries, states and other geographical
or political entities:the Land of Cakes (Scotland), the Badger State (Wisconsin), the Empire City (New York).
As a rule, such paraphrases are not known to the Russian reader and they are replaced by official names in the translation.
Слайд 9
Handling stylistically-marked language units
Complicated translation problems are caused
by ST containing substandard language units used to produce
a stylistic effect.The ST author may imitate his character's speech by means of dialectal or contaminated forms.
SL territorial dialects cannot be reproduced in TT, nor can they be replaced by TL dialectal forms.
Слайд 10
Handling stylistically-marked language units
It would be inappropriate if
a black American or a London cockney spoke in
the Russian translation in the dialect, say, of the Northern regions of Russia or western part of Ukraine.Fortunately, the English dialectal forms are mostly an indication of the speaker's low social or educational status, and they can be rendered into Russian by a legal employment of low-colloquial elements, e.g.:
Слайд 11
Handling stylistically-marked language units
He do look quiet, don't
'e? D'e know 'oo 'e is, Sir?
Вид-то у
него спокойный, правда? Часом не знаете, сэр, кто он будет?
Слайд 12
Написано у русского автора:
«Ой, лють там сегодня будет:
двадцать семь с ветерком, ни укрыва, ни грева!»
In translation:
“Oh,
it’d be cruel there today: seventeen degrees below zero, and windy. No shelter. No fire.” (Parker)
Слайд 13
“It would be murder out there – twenty-seven
below, with a mean wind blowing, no shelter, and
no hope of a warm!” (Garry Wyllets)
Слайд 14
Handling Stylistic Devices
Causes:
Different words may acquire additional
lexical meanings which are not fixed in the dictionaries
in a certain context (contextual meanings).Transferred meaning reflects the interrelation between the two types of lexical meaning: dictionary and contextual.
Слайд 15
Causes:
Stylistic devices are necessary when the deviation
from the acknowledged meaning is carried to a degree
which causes an unexpected turn in the recognized logical (dictionary) meanings.
Слайд 16
Causes:
One and the same stylistic device may
be used with different frequency, perform different functions and
have different meanings in the stylistic system of any language.
Слайд 17
Causes:
Stylistic devices in different languages are the
same in their core, but they function differently in
languages.This is the cause of stylistic transformations.
Слайд 18
STYLISTIC devices
Stylistic Devices:
Metaphor: - Prolonged metaphor;
Metonymy: -
Synecdoche;
- Metonymic epithet;Antonomasia;
Alliteration.
Слайд 19
STYLISTIC METHODS OF TRANSLATION
One should take into account
that while translating there is coincidence, partial coincidence and
divergences of rendering stylistic devices.
Слайд 20
Alliteration
Alliteration- is the repetition of the initial consonant
in two or more words. It can be used
for emphasis, logical connection between the components.e.g. Nothing befalls him that he can not transmute into a stanza, song or story.
Все что происходит с писателем может отображаться в его песнe, поэме, или повести.
Слайд 21
Alliteration (functions)
The author may use alliteration for the
following purposes:
to create consonance and aid memorization
(Peter Piper
Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers. Про пестрых птиц поет петух, про перья пышные, про пух.);
Слайд 22
Alliteration
to establish logical connection between the components
(cold
comfort – слабое утешение; cold conditions – нерабочий режим);
to
attract the reader’s attention(Britain’s Biggest Bazaar – крупнейшая распродажа в Великобритании).
Слайд 23
Alliteration
Very often it is not necessary to retain
alliteration while translating:
e.g. Rolls on the Rock – банкpутство
компанії Роллс-Ройс;
Слайд 24
STYLISTIC METHODS OF TRANSLATION
- Alliteration is often
omitted when used in newspaper and publicistic style, where
the informative function is the primary one:E.g. Bar Barbarism in Bars – Запретить варварство в барах.
Слайд 25
Alliteration
Alliteration should be preserved when possible if the
poetic function is more important than the informative one:
E.g.
The word Papa gives the pretty form to the lips: potatoes, poultry, prunes and prisms, and all very good for the lips. Слово «папа» придает изящную форму губам: папа, палисандр, персики и призмы – прекрасные слова.
Слайд 26
Metaphor
Metaphor is a stylistic device which consists in
the usage of words in a figurative transferred meaning
based on the analogy or similarity and is used in all emotive styles.e.g. hot money- горячие деньги.
It is important to retain metaphors when dealing with fiction.
Слайд 27
Ways of rendering metaphor
In case it is impossible
to retain it, the metaphor should be then compensated
or substituted for another stylistic device.
Слайд 28
Problems of conveying metaphors:
the difference in traditional associations
related to some notions or phenomena.
e.g. black sheep- паршивая
овца,black frost- трескучий мороз
the metaphors those origin lie in the national folklore
e.g. красна девица- fair maiden,
добрый молодец- brave man
Слайд 29
Problems of conveying metaphors
the metaphoric expressions which have
the same origin for the both SL and TL
but are expressed differently.e.g. Bавилонское столпотворение- the confusion of Babylon
Дары данайцев- The Greek gifts
Слайд 30
Problems of conveying metaphors
any changes in the metaphor
can lead to reconstruction of the whole phrase
e.g. SPARKLER-
Light up your life!СПАРКЛЕР- БРИЛЛИАНТ ЧИСТЕЙШЕЙ ВОДЫ!
Слайд 31
Problems of conveying metaphors
the metaphor in the process
of translation can be substituted for metaphoric epithet, simile,
etc.e.g. a beast of a car- не машина, а зверь
an angel of a girl- не девушка, а ангел/ ангелоподобная девушка
Слайд 32
Problems of conveying metaphors and simile
Metaphors and similes
are lexical figures of speech.
Both metaphor and simile
are terms that describe a comparison: the only difference between a metaphor and a simile is that a simile makes the comparison explicit by using "like" or "as": You are my sunshine (metaphor) – Your eyes are like the sun (simile).
Слайд 33
Problems of conveying metaphors and simile
Ways of rendering
metaphors and similes:
- by choosing absolute equivalents
where the image is preserved:E.g. white as a sheet – бледный как полотно/простыня.
by finding near equivalents when the image of the SL phrase is substituted for the different one:
E.g. old as the hills – старо как мир.
Слайд 34
Problems of conveying metaphors and simile
by means of
word-for-word translation:
E.g. As busy as a bee – занят
как пчела.by means of descriptive way of translation:
E.g. As large as life – в натуральную величину
Слайд 35
Problems of conveying metonymy
Metonymy- is transference of a
name of one object to another object.
Metonymic transference
of name is based upon the principle of contiguity of two objects.
Слайд 36
Problems of conveying metonymy
e.g. Two men entered the
room. The red was smiling, the black was upset.
Двое мужчин вошли в комнату. Рыжий улыбался, а черный был грустный.
Слайд 37
Problems of conveying metonymy
This example contains the original
metonymy is quite simple to translate since the structural
and semantic expressions are the same in the SL and TL.Metonymy may be instructively contrasted with metaphor.
Both figures involve the substitution of one term for another.
Слайд 38
Problems of conveying metonymy
While in metaphor this substitution
is based on similarity, in metonymy the substitution is
based on contiguity.Metaphor example: The ship plowed through the sea (plowed instead of navigated).
Metonymy example: The sails crossed the ocean (sails instead of ship with sails).
Слайд 39
Problems of conveying metonymy
The most difficult to render
are metonymies based on the associations between:
- the object
and its quality (metonymic epithet);- the whole and its part (synecdoche);
- the proper and common names (antonomasia).
Слайд 40
Ways of rendering metonymy
by means of reconstruction of
the common name
(in case the original metonymic word
has neither equivalent nor analogue in the TL and is not known to the target reader due to different cultural traditions):
Слайд 41
Ways of rendering metonymy
the difference both in the
means of metonymization and the extent to which it
has spread in the SL and TL.different traditions and rules of metonymic expressions.
e.g. To buy some Kellog’s- купить кукурузные хлопья.
Слайд 42
Ways of rendering metonymy
by means of structural transformations
(in case grammatical norms of the two languages are
different, and the context cannot be rendered equivalently in terms of grammar): structural transformations and discrepancies in the grammatical norms
Слайд 43
Ways of rendering metonymy
e.g. Very soon after words
there was a concerned official’s face staring at me
through the jagged hole in the glass of the kitchen door.Вскоре из дыры в стекле кухонной двери на меня уставилось озадаченное лицо представителя закона.
Слайд 44
Ways of rendering metonymy
by means of functional transformations
(in case the stylistic status of the metonymy
is different in the source and target languages): functional transformations when the stylistic status of the metonymic expression do not coincide in SL and TL
Слайд 45
Ways of rendering metonymy
e.g. These wheels will drive
you at your pleasure.
Ваш замечательный
друг на колесах гарантирует Вам комфортное передвижение и приятные эмоции .
Слайд 46
Ways of rendering metonymy
by choosing absolute equivalents (in
case there is a complete coincidence between the cultural
traditions of expressing individual qualities of a certain object in the source and target languages):
Слайд 47
Ways of rendering metonymy
Word-for-word translation due to full
correspondence both in cultural and in individual properties of
the metonymic expressionse.g. I am revolt of the stupidity of a country police.
Меня возмущает глупость полиции.
Слайд 48
Ways of rendering metonymy
by means of reconstruction of
the basis for metonymic transference
(in case the
metonymic transference used in the SL does not sound natural in the TL in a particular situation):
Слайд 49
Ways of rendering metonymy
E.g. The guards now change
at Buckingham Palace to a Lennon and McCartney .
Смена караула у Букингемского дворца проходит сегодня под музыку Леннона и Маккартни .
Слайд 50
Ways of rendering synecdoche
Synecdoche- this variety of metonymy
is realized in two variants.
The first variant is
naming the whole object by mentioning part of it.e.g. Caroling lives with Jack under the same roof.
Каролин живет с Джеком под одной крышей.
Слайд 51
Ways of rendering synecdoche
The second is using the
name of the whole object to denote a constituent
part of this object.e.g. The hall applauded.
Холл аплодировал.
Слайд 52
Problems of conveying synecdoche
The means of its expression
may often be different in SL and TL.
Sometimes it
requires the replacement of the stylistic device e.g. These wheels will drive you at your pleasure. “These wheels” stands for this car.
We cannot say “колеса” because it will not correspond to genre of ad.
Слайд 53
Problems of conveying synecdoche
“Ваш чудовий друг на колесах”
або “ці чудові колеса, сучасний дизайн й автоматичне керування
гарантують вам їзду із задоволенням”.
Слайд 54
Problems of conveying epithet
Metonymic epithet - on basis
of association between the object and of its qualities
or features.e.g. У кабінет буквально ввалилося джинсове дівчисько. –
A girl in her full denim outfit nearly fell into the office.
The only way of translation is changing the attribute into the object, but at the same time part of SL emotive and evaluative information is lost.
Слайд 55
Problems of conveying antonomasia
Antonomasia- is based upon the
principle of identification of human beings with things which
surround them.e.g. John is a real Romeo.
Джон- настоящий Ромео.
Слайд 56
Problems of conveying antonomasia
Cultural differences.
While translating names
the translator has to reconstruct the basis for the
metonymic substitution because the antonomasia is not widely used in Russian.e.g. “Old Blue Eyes” for Frank Sinatra.
“The King” for Elvis Prestly.
Слайд 57
Ways of conveying stylistic devices
There are three main
ways of conveying stylistic devices:
If it is possible, retain
them;Stylistic devices can be substituted for other stylistic devices;
Stylistic compensation (when it is impossible to retain stylistic device in the text).
