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Презентация на тему Translation of modal verbs

Содержание

Meanings 1. AbilityE.g.: We can discuss your paper after lunch.Мы можем обсудить Вашу статью после обеденного перерыва.She can play the piano. Она умеет играть на пианино.Kate loves nature. She could paint landscapes.Кейт любит природу. Она могла
ПЕРЕВОД МОДАЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ CAN Meanings 1. AbilityE.g.: We can discuss your paper after lunch.Мы можем обсудить Meanings 2. Possibility due to circumstancesE.g.: You can see the forest through Meanings3. PermissionE.g.: Can I use your car?Можно мне взять твою машину?4. Uncertainty, Meanings5. ImprobabilityE.g.: It can’t be trueВряд ли это так; Это не может Meanings7. Set phrasesE.g.: She couldn’t help laughingОна не смогла удержаться от смехаI Определите функцию модального глагола canHe can read a little French.Could the boy Определите функцию модального глагола canHe can read a little French. - abilityCould MAY MeaningsSupposition implying uncertaintyE.g.: He may be busy getting ready for his tripВозможно, Meanings2. Possibility due to circumstancesE.g.: You may order a taxi by phoneТы Meanings3. PermissionE.g.: May I smoke here?Здесь разрешено курить?You may smoke in hereЗдесь Meanings4. Disapproval or reproach (only might in affirmative sentences)E.g.: You might have Set phrasesI may as well take the child with meПожалуй, будет лучше, Определите функцию модального глагола mayHe may not be at home.She must Определите функцию модального глагола mayHe may not be at home. - CAN and MAY comparedCANPossibility due to circumstancesIn all kinds of sentencesE.g.: He CAN and MAY comparedCAN3) Could + the Perfect Infinitive = action was MUST MeaningObligationE.g.: You must talk to your daughter!Ты должен поговорить со своей дочерью!2. Meaning3. Emphatic advice (affirmative and negative sentences)E.g.: You mustn’t miss the film!Не Использование вида глаголов  при переводеСовершенный вид используется при переводе конструкций:1. must Использование вида глаголов  при переводеНесовершенный вид используется при переводе конструкций:1. must Set phrasesHe must needs go thereОн непременно должен пойти тудаI must be Определите функцию модального глагола mustYou must talk to your boss.You must not Определите функцию модального глагола mustYou must talk to your boss. - obligationYou MUST and MAY comparedMUSTSupposition implying strong probabilityE.g.: He always comes at 10. HAVE TO Meanings Obligation or necessity imposed by circumstances (in all kinds of sentences Meanings 2) In negative sentences - absence of necessityE.g.: You don’t have Set phraseHad betterE.g.: A storm is coming.  We’d better take shelterПриближается TO BE TO Meanings A previously arranged plan or obligation resulting from it (in affirmative Meanings 2) Orders and instructions (in reported speech)E.g.: Norman says I am Meanings 3) DestinyE.g.: He was to be my teacher and friend for Set phrasesWhat am I to do?Что мне делать? Как мне быть?What is OUGHT TO MeaningsObligation + advice, desireE.g.: You ought to see a doctorТебе следует обратиться Meanings2) Supposition implying strong probabilityE.g.: I’m sorry. I oughtn’t to have said SHALL MeaningsObligation (formal)E.g.: The date of delivery shall be considered…Датой поставки считается… 2)Promise, SHOULD MeaningsObligation + adviceE.g.: Should I talk to him about it?Стоит мне поговорить Интересные случаи употребленияWhy should I do it?С какой стати я буду это Интересные случаи употребленияThat it should come to this!И до чего дошло дело!To Should, ought to, was/were to + Perfect InfinitiveShould + Perfect InfinitiveOught to WILL MeaningsSupposition (2nd and 3rd persons)Will + the Simple Infinitive = present or Meanings2) About sth that happens as a ruleE.g.: Boys will be boys WOULD Meanings1) Something was to be expected (in affirmative and negative sentences)E.g.: “I Meanings3) Set phrasesa) Would … mind (in interrogative and negative sentences) = WILL and WOULD Meanings1) Habitual or recurrent actionsE.g.: She will (would) sit for hours Meanings3) Failure to perform immediate functionsE.g.: The door won’t (wouldn’t) openДверь никак NEED Meanings Necessitya) Need + the simple infinitive = present or futureE.g.: Need Shouldn’t, oughtn’t, needn’t +  Perfect infinitiveShouldn’t + Perfect infinitive, Oughtn’t + DARE MeaningsHave courage (In exclamations and negative sentences)E.g.: How dare you say that!Как
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 CAN

CAN

Слайд 3 Meanings
1. Ability
E.g.: We can discuss your paper

Meanings 1. AbilityE.g.: We can discuss your paper after lunch.Мы можем

after lunch.
Мы можем обсудить Вашу статью после обеденного перерыва.
She

can play the piano.
Она умеет играть на пианино.
Kate loves nature. She could paint landscapes.
Кейт любит природу. Она могла бы писать пейзажи.


Could is understood as expressing unreality with reference to the future or present contexts unless there are indications of past time in the sentence or in the context


Слайд 4 Meanings
2. Possibility due to circumstances
E.g.: You can

Meanings 2. Possibility due to circumstancesE.g.: You can see the forest

see the forest through the window.
За окном вы видите

лес.
You could see the forest through the window before the new block of houses was built.
До того, как застроили новый квартал, из окна можно было увидеть / был виден лес.
You could have seen the forest through the window if it had not been so dark.
За окном Вы могли бы увидеть лес, если бы не было так темно.


Слайд 5 Meanings
3. Permission
E.g.: Can I use your car?
Можно мне

Meanings3. PermissionE.g.: Can I use your car?Можно мне взять твою машину?4.

взять твою машину?

4. Uncertainty, doubt (in questions only)
E.g.: Can

it be true?
Неужели это правда?

Слайд 6 Meanings
5. Improbability
E.g.: It can’t be true
Вряд ли это

Meanings5. ImprobabilityE.g.: It can’t be trueВряд ли это так; Это не

так; Это не может быть правдой

6. Puzzlement, impatience and

other strong emotions (in questions only)
E.g.: What can (could) he mean?
Что, собственно, он имеет в виду?

Слайд 7 Meanings
7. Set phrases
E.g.: She couldn’t help laughing
Она не

Meanings7. Set phrasesE.g.: She couldn’t help laughingОна не смогла удержаться от

смогла удержаться от смеха
I can’t but ask him about

it
Мне ничего другого не остается, как попросить его об этом
He can’t possibly do it
Он просто не может этого сделать

Слайд 8 Определите функцию модального глагола can
He can read a

Определите функцию модального глагола canHe can read a little French.Could the

little French.
Could the boy read before he went to

school?
He could settle the difficulty.
She could have explained the mystery.
You can take my umbrella.
Can she have told a lie?
He can’t have said it.
What can he be doing?

Слайд 9 Определите функцию модального глагола can
He can read a

Определите функцию модального глагола canHe can read a little French. -

little French. - ability
Could the boy read before he

went to school? - ability
He could settle the difficulty. - possibility
She could have explained the theorem. - ability
You can take my umbrella. - permission
Can she have told a lie? - doubt
He can’t have said it. - improbability
What can he be doing? – expressing emotions

Слайд 11 Meanings
Supposition implying uncertainty
E.g.: He may be busy getting

MeaningsSupposition implying uncertaintyE.g.: He may be busy getting ready for his

ready for his trip
Возможно, он занят подготовкой к поездке
He

may come soon
Он может скоро прийти
He may be ill
Возможно, он болен


Будущее время – глагол совершенного вида


Слайд 12 Meanings
2. Possibility due to circumstances

E.g.: You may order

Meanings2. Possibility due to circumstancesE.g.: You may order a taxi by

a taxi by phone
Ты можешь заказать такси по телефону
He

might have fallen ill if he hadn’t taken the medicine
Он заболел бы, если б не принял лекарство

Слайд 13 Meanings
3. Permission
E.g.: May I smoke here?
Здесь разрешено курить?
You

Meanings3. PermissionE.g.: May I smoke here?Здесь разрешено курить?You may smoke in

may smoke in here
Здесь разрешено курить
You may not smoke

here
Здесь не разрешено / запрещено курить

Слайд 14 Meanings
4. Disapproval or reproach (only might in affirmative

Meanings4. Disapproval or reproach (only might in affirmative sentences)E.g.: You might

sentences)

E.g.: You might have helped me Мог бы и

помочь

Слайд 15 Set phrases
I may as well take the child

Set phrasesI may as well take the child with meПожалуй, будет

with me
Пожалуй, будет лучше, если я возьму ребенка с

собой
It might have been worse
Могло быть и хуже / Дела обстоят не так уж плохо
He might have been a Scandinavian sailor
Его можно было принять за скандинавского моряка

Слайд 16 Определите функцию модального глагола may
He may not

Определите функцию модального глагола mayHe may not be at home.She

be at home.
She must have taken the dog with

her.
He said he might order a taxi by phone.
The director is not busy now, so you may see him.
You might have visited us from time to time!
He might have spoken to her yesterday.
He might have spoken to her if she had stayed a bit longer.

Слайд 17 Определите функцию модального глагола may
He may not

Определите функцию модального глагола mayHe may not be at home.

be at home. - supposition
She must have taken the

dog with her. - supposition
He said he might order a taxi by phone. - possibility
The director is not busy now, so you may see him. - permission
You might have visited us from time to time! - reproach
He might have spoken to her yesterday. – supposition
He might have spoken to her if she had stayed a bit longer. - possibility

Слайд 18 CAN and MAY compared
CAN
Possibility due to circumstances
In all

CAN and MAY comparedCANPossibility due to circumstancesIn all kinds of sentencesE.g.:

kinds of sentences
E.g.: He cannot find this book at

the library

2) Can and could may refer to the present, past or future
E.g.: He could find the book at the library yesterday

MAY

1) Possibility due to circumstances
In affirmative sentences only
E.g.: He may find this book at the library

2) May refers only to the present or future; might is used only in past-time contexts only in reported speech
E.g.: He said that he might find the book at the library


Слайд 19 CAN and MAY compared
CAN
3) Could + the Perfect

CAN and MAY comparedCAN3) Could + the Perfect Infinitive = action

Infinitive = action was not carried out
E.g.: He could

have found the book at the library
4) Expressing permission can is colloquial
E.g.: Can I have a cup of tea, Mike?

MAY

3) Might + the Perfect Infinitive = action was not carried out
E.g.: He might have found the book at the library
4) Expressing permission may is more formal
E.g.: May I speak to you for a moment, Professor?


Слайд 21 Meaning
Obligation
E.g.: You must talk to your daughter!
Ты должен

MeaningObligationE.g.: You must talk to your daughter!Ты должен поговорить со своей

поговорить со своей дочерью!

2. Prohibition
E.g.: He must not leave

his room. Ему нельзя выходить из своей комнаты

Слайд 22 Meaning
3. Emphatic advice (affirmative and negative sentences)
E.g.: You

Meaning3. Emphatic advice (affirmative and negative sentences)E.g.: You mustn’t miss the

mustn’t miss the film!
Не пропусти этот фильм!

4. Supposition implying

strong probability
E.g.: He must be ill. He looks so pale
Он, должно быть, болен – он кажется очень бледным.

Слайд 23 Использование вида глаголов при переводе
Совершенный вид используется при

Использование вида глаголов при переводеСовершенный вид используется при переводе конструкций:1. must

переводе конструкций:
1. must + simple infinitive
Jane must read the

book
Джейн должна прочесть эту книгу
2. must + the Perfect Infinitive
It is six o’clock. She must have come home
Сейчас шесть. Она уже должна была прийти домой / Должно быть, она уже пришла домой.

Слайд 24 Использование вида глаголов при переводе
Несовершенный вид используется при

Использование вида глаголов при переводеНесовершенный вид используется при переводе конструкций:1. must

переводе конструкций:
1. must + simple infinitive of stative verbs
He

must know a lot about it
Он должен знать об этом очень многое
2. must + the Perfect Continuous Infinitive
He must have been writing a letter when I came
Вероятно, когда я пришел, он писал письмо

Слайд 25 Set phrases
He must needs go there
Он непременно должен

Set phrasesHe must needs go thereОн непременно должен пойти тудаI must

пойти туда
I must be going / I must be

off
Мне пора уходить
I must say…
Должен сказать…
You must come and stay with us for the week-end (in invitations)
Приезжайте к нам на выходные

Слайд 26 Определите функцию модального глагола must
You must talk to

Определите функцию модального глагола mustYou must talk to your boss.You must

your boss.
You must not leave your children on the

playground alone.
You mustn’t give another thought to what he said.
It must be late as streets are deserted
You must stay here
He must have finished his work.
It must have been raining all the night.

Слайд 27 Определите функцию модального глагола must
You must talk to

Определите функцию модального глагола mustYou must talk to your boss. -

your boss. - obligation
You must not leave your children

on the playground alone. - prohibition
You mustn’t give another thought to what he said. – emphatic advice
It must be late as streets are deserted - supposition
You must stay here - obligation
He must have finished his work. - supposition
It must have been raining all the night. - supposition

Слайд 28 MUST and MAY compared
MUST
Supposition implying strong probability
E.g.: He

MUST and MAY comparedMUSTSupposition implying strong probabilityE.g.: He always comes at

always comes at 10. So he must be in

his office now

2) Is often used to express prohibition

No, you mustn’t (you can’t)

MAY

Supposition implying uncertainty
E.g.: I saw him an hour ago. He may still be in his office now

2) Is seldom used to express prohibition

May I smoke here?



Слайд 29 HAVE TO

HAVE TO

Слайд 30 Meanings
Obligation or necessity imposed by circumstances (in

Meanings Obligation or necessity imposed by circumstances (in all kinds of

all kinds of sentences combined ONLY with the Simple

Infinitive)

E.g.: He had to do it
Он вынужден это сделать; ему придется это сделать
(Also have (has) got to do)


Слайд 31 Meanings
2) In negative sentences - absence of

Meanings 2) In negative sentences - absence of necessityE.g.: You don’t

necessity

E.g.: You don’t have to go there
Вам не

нужно идти туда; нет необходимости туда идти
You mustn’t go there
Вам нельзя идти туда

Слайд 32 Set phrase
Had better

E.g.: A storm is coming. We’d

Set phraseHad betterE.g.: A storm is coming. We’d better take shelterПриближается буря. Нам лучше укрыться

better take shelter
Приближается буря. Нам лучше укрыться


Слайд 33 TO BE TO

TO BE TO

Слайд 34 Meanings
A previously arranged plan or obligation resulting

Meanings A previously arranged plan or obligation resulting from it (in

from it (in affirmative and interrogative sentences)

E.g.: We were

to discuss it yesterday
Мы должны были обсуждать это вчера
We are to discuss it tomorrow Мы планируем обсудить это завтра
We were to have discussed it yesterday, but he never came
Мы хотели обсудить это вчера, но он так и не пришел

Слайд 35 Meanings
2) Orders and instructions (in reported speech)

E.g.:

Meanings 2) Orders and instructions (in reported speech)E.g.: Norman says I

Norman says I am to leave you alone
Норман говорит,

что я должен оставить тебя в покое
All members of staff are to report to the manager
Все сотрудники обязаны отчитываться перед менеджером

Слайд 36 Meanings
3) Destiny
E.g.: He was to be my

Meanings 3) DestinyE.g.: He was to be my teacher and friend

teacher and friend for many years to come
Ему суждено

было стать моим учителем и другом на долгие годы
4) Possibility
E.g.: Where is he to be found?
Где его можно найти?

Слайд 37 Set phrases

What am I to do?
Что мне делать?

Set phrasesWhat am I to do?Что мне делать? Как мне быть?What

Как мне быть?
What is to become of me?
Что со

мной станется? Что со мной будет?
Where am I to go?
Куда же мне идти? Куда же мне деваться?

Слайд 38 OUGHT TO

OUGHT TO

Слайд 39 Meanings
Obligation + advice, desire

E.g.: You ought to see

MeaningsObligation + advice, desireE.g.: You ought to see a doctorТебе следует

a doctor
Тебе следует обратиться к врачу

You ought to have

seen a doctor long ago!
Тебе давно следовало обратиться к врачу!

Слайд 40 Meanings
2) Supposition implying strong probability
E.g.: I’m sorry. I

Meanings2) Supposition implying strong probabilityE.g.: I’m sorry. I oughtn’t to have

oughtn’t to have said it
Прости. Мне не следовало этого

говорить
Set phrases:
He ought to know it
Он должен это знать
You ought to be ashamed of yourself
Тебе должно быть стыдно!

Слайд 42 Meanings
Obligation (formal)
E.g.: The date of delivery shall be

MeaningsObligation (formal)E.g.: The date of delivery shall be considered…Датой поставки считается…

considered…
Датой поставки считается…
2)Promise, threat, warning, will
E.g.: He shall

do as I say
Пусть делает то, что я говорю / Пусть выполняет мои требования
Shall I get you some coffee?
Принести Вам кофе?

Слайд 43 SHOULD

SHOULD

Слайд 44 Meanings
Obligation + advice
E.g.: Should I talk to him

MeaningsObligation + adviceE.g.: Should I talk to him about it?Стоит мне

about it?
Стоит мне поговорить с ним об этом?
He should

have stayed at home Ему надо было остаться дома
2) Supposition
E.g.: The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors
Фильм должен быть очень хорошим, ведь в нем играют звезды первой величины

Слайд 45 Интересные случаи употребления
Why should I do it?
С какой

Интересные случаи употребленияWhy should I do it?С какой стати я буду

стати я буду это делать?
Why shouldn’t you invite him?
Почему

бы вам его не пригласить?
I don’t know why he should want to see George
Я не знаю, зачем ему нужен Джордж
How should I know?
Почем я знаю?
There is no reason why they shouldn’t get on very well
Нет причины им не ладить друг с другом
I’m sorry that you should think so badly of me
Жаль, что вы так плохо обо мне думаете

Слайд 46 Интересные случаи употребления

That it should come to this!
И

Интересные случаи употребленияThat it should come to this!И до чего дошло

до чего дошло дело!
To think that it should come

to this!
Только подумать, до чего дошло дело!
To think that it should have happened to me!
Только подумать, что это произошло со мной!

Слайд 47 Should, ought to, was/were to + Perfect Infinitive
Should

Should, ought to, was/were to + Perfect InfinitiveShould + Perfect InfinitiveOught

+ Perfect Infinitive
Ought to + Perfect Infinitive
The action was

not carried out though it was desirable
E.g.: You should have helped him (Now he’s in trouble)
Was/were to + Perfect Infinitive
The action was not carried out, but it was planned
E.g.: He was to have arrived last week (but his plans changed)

Слайд 49 Meanings
Supposition (2nd and 3rd persons)
Will + the Simple

MeaningsSupposition (2nd and 3rd persons)Will + the Simple Infinitive = present

Infinitive = present or future
E.g.: This will be the

school, I believe.
Это, по-видимому, и есть школа.

Will + the Perfect Infinitive = past
E.g.: You will have heard the news, I’m sure.
Я полагаю, что вы уже слышали новость.

Слайд 50 Meanings
2) About sth that happens as a rule
E.g.:

Meanings2) About sth that happens as a ruleE.g.: Boys will be

Boys will be boys Мальчишки остаются мальчишками

3) Set constructions
Will not

have + object + infinitive without ‘to’
E.g.: I won’t have you speak to me like that. Я не допущу, чтобы вы со мной так разговаривали

Слайд 52 Meanings
1) Something was to be expected (in affirmative

Meanings1) Something was to be expected (in affirmative and negative sentences)E.g.:

and negative sentences)
E.g.: “I don’t understand him” – “No,

you wouldn’t” «Я его не понимаю» – «Этого и следовало ожидать»
2) Set phrases
Would rather / would sooner + infinitive without ‘to’ = ‘to prefer’
E.g.: I’d rather do it myself.
Я предпочел бы сделать это сам / Лучше, я сделаю это сам

Слайд 53 Meanings
3) Set phrases
a) Would … mind (in interrogative

Meanings3) Set phrasesa) Would … mind (in interrogative and negative sentences)

and negative sentences) = ‘to object’
E.g.: Would you mind

my staying here for a while?
Не возражаешь, если я здесь ненадолго останусь?
b) Would … mind (in interrogative sentences) = ‘a polite request’
E.g.: Would you mind getting me a cup of tea? Вы не могли принести мне чашечку кофе?

Слайд 54 WILL
and WOULD

WILL and WOULD

Слайд 55 Meanings
1) Habitual or recurrent actions
E.g.: She will (would)

Meanings1) Habitual or recurrent actionsE.g.: She will (would) sit for hours

sit for hours under the old oak tree
Она любила/любит

часами сидеть под старым дубом
2) Refusal to perform an action
E.g.: He was wet through, but he wouldn’t change
Он промок насквозь, но ни за что не хотел переодеваться

Слайд 56 Meanings
3) Failure to perform immediate functions
E.g.: The door

Meanings3) Failure to perform immediate functionsE.g.: The door won’t (wouldn’t) openДверь

won’t (wouldn’t) open
Дверь никак не поддавалась / так и

не открылась
4) Will, intention, determination
E.g.: We decided that we wouldn’t interfere
Мы решили, что не будем вмешиваться
We won’t interfere
Мы не будем вмешиваться
(will here refers an action to the future)

Слайд 58 Meanings
Necessity
a) Need + the simple infinitive =

Meanings Necessitya) Need + the simple infinitive = present or futureE.g.:

present or future
E.g.: Need I repeat it?
К чему мне

повторять это?
You don’t need to tell me that you are sorry.
Не нужно извиняться.

b) Need + the Perfect Infinitive = the action has been performed though it was unnecessary
E.g.: You needn’t have come.
Вы зря пришли.

Слайд 59 Shouldn’t, oughtn’t, needn’t + Perfect infinitive
Shouldn’t + Perfect

Shouldn’t, oughtn’t, needn’t + Perfect infinitiveShouldn’t + Perfect infinitive, Oughtn’t +

infinitive, Oughtn’t + Perfect infinitive = the action has

been carried out but was undesirable
E.g.: You shouldn’t have come.
Тебе не следовало приходить . (например, из-за болезни)
Needn’t + Perfect infinitive = the action has been carried out but was unnecessary
E.g.: You needn’t have come.
Ты зря пришел. (например, работу уже выполнили)

Слайд 61 Meanings
Have courage (In exclamations and negative sentences)
E.g.: How

MeaningsHave courage (In exclamations and negative sentences)E.g.: How dare you say

dare you say that!
Как ты смеешь так говорить!

2) Set

phrase I dare say
Переводится как «очень возможно», «пожалуй», «полагаю», «осмелюсь сказать»

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