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Презентация на тему Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets?

Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial MarketsTo examine how financial markets such as bond, stock and foreign exchange markets workTo examine how financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies workTo examine the role
Unit 1Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets? Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial MarketsTo examine how financial markets Main TopicsWhat is money?Who controls the money supply? Why is money important?Why MoneyMoney is the stock of items widely used to make payment for Figure 1-1 What Determines The Money Supply? The central bank is responsible for the Money, Inflation, and Deflation When the money supply increases more rapidly than Money and Business CyclesEvidence suggests that money  plays an important role Key Financial MarketsThe stock market The bond market The foreign exchange (ForEx) The Bond Market and Interest RatesA security (financial instrument) is a claim Facts about interest ratesThere are many different interest rates.Interest rates tend to The Stock MarketCommon stock represents a share of ownership in a corporationA The Foreign Exchange MarketThe foreign exchange market is where funds are converted Foreign Exchange and TradeAppreciation is an increase in the value of one Banking and Financial InstitutionsFinancial Intermediaries—institutions that borrow funds from people who have Money and Interest RatesInterest rates are the price of moneyPrior to 1980, Monetary and Fiscal PolicyMonetary policy is the management of the money supply
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets
To examine

Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial MarketsTo examine how financial markets

how financial markets such as bond, stock and foreign

exchange markets work
To examine how financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies work
To examine the role of money in the economy

Слайд 3 Main Topics
What is money?
Who controls the money supply?

Main TopicsWhat is money?Who controls the money supply? Why is money

Why is money important?
Why is inflation a problem?
How do

banks make “money” (profits)?
Why are banks important?
How does the government regulate banks and why?
Financial Markets and financial instruments
What is monetary policy?
How does the Fed conduct monetary policy?
How are interest rates determined?

Слайд 4 Money

Money is the stock of items widely used

MoneyMoney is the stock of items widely used to make payment

to make payment for goods and services.

Money, or

the money supply, includes:
currency and coins in circulation,
checking accounts in depository institutions, and
other items, such as Certificates of Deposit (CDs), when measured more broadly.

Слайд 5 Figure 1-1

Figure 1-1

Слайд 6 What Determines The Money Supply?

The central bank

What Determines The Money Supply? The central bank is responsible for

is responsible for the trend or long-run behavior of

the money supply.
Banks and non-bank public also play important roles in determining the aggregate money supply.
In the United States, the central bank is the Federal Reserve System (the Fed).
The Fed conducts monetary policy.
Monetary Policy refers to the management of money supply and interest rates.

Слайд 7 Money, Inflation, and Deflation
When the money supply

Money, Inflation, and Deflation When the money supply increases more rapidly

increases more rapidly than the output of goods and

services, inflation occurs.
Why is Inflation a problem?
Deflation is a continuing decline in prices and is more damaging to a nation's economic health than inflation.
Why is deflation a problem?
Inflation targeting occurs when a central bank announces an explicit inflation range it pledges to maintain and enforces policies consistent with that goal.

Слайд 8 Money and Business Cycles
Evidence suggests that money plays

Money and Business CyclesEvidence suggests that money plays an important role

an important role in generating business cycles
Recessions (unemployment) and

booms (inflation) affect all of us
Monetary Theory ties changes in the money supply to changes in aggregate economic activity and the price level

Слайд 13 Key Financial Markets

The stock market

The bond market

Key Financial MarketsThe stock market The bond market The foreign exchange



The foreign exchange (ForEx) market
Markets in which funds

are transferred from people who have an excess of available funds to people who have a shortage of funds

Слайд 14 The Bond Market and Interest Rates
A security (financial

The Bond Market and Interest RatesA security (financial instrument) is a

instrument) is a claim on the issuer’s future income

or assets
A bond is a debt security that promises to make payments periodically for a specified period of time
Bondholders are lenders; stockholders are owners.
An interest rate (or yield) is the cost of borrowing or the price paid for the rental of funds and are determined by market forces of supply and demand.


Слайд 15 Facts about interest rates

There are many different interest

Facts about interest ratesThere are many different interest rates.Interest rates tend

rates.
Interest rates tend to move together.
Sometimes we ignore the

differences among interest rates and focus on the interest rate level.
The interest rate level is determined in the bond market or loanable funds market.
There are intimate relationships among different interest rates.

Слайд 17 The Stock Market
Common stock represents a share of

The Stock MarketCommon stock represents a share of ownership in a

ownership in a corporation
A share of stock is a

claim on the earnings and assets of the corporation
A company’s stock share price reflects the opinion of the market about the company's economic value, which ultimately depends on its future profitability.
Major indexes reflect changing sentiment about the nation's economic prospects.
Dow-Jones Industrials Average (DJIA)
Standard and Poor's 500 Average (S&P 500)


Слайд 20 The Foreign Exchange Market
The foreign exchange market is

The Foreign Exchange MarketThe foreign exchange market is where funds are

where funds are converted from one currency into another
The

foreign exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another currency
The foreign exchange market determines the foreign exchange rate

Слайд 21 Foreign Exchange and Trade
Appreciation is an increase in

Foreign Exchange and TradeAppreciation is an increase in the value of

the value of one nation’s currency relative to another

nation’s currency.

Depreciation is the opposite.

Appreciation causes:
higher prices to foreign buyers of exports,
lower prices to domestic consumers of imports, and
a trade deficit (or a reduction in the trade surplus).

Depreciation causes:
lower prices to foreign buyers of exports,
higher prices to domestic consumers of imports, and
a trade surplus (or a reduction in the trade deficit.)

Слайд 23 Banking and Financial Institutions
Financial Intermediaries—institutions that borrow funds

Banking and Financial InstitutionsFinancial Intermediaries—institutions that borrow funds from people who

from people who have saved and make loans to

other people
Banks—institutions that accept deposits and make loans
Other Financial Institutions—insurance companies, finance companies, pension funds, mutual funds and investment banks
Financial Innovation—in particular, the advent of the information age and e-finance

Слайд 24 Money and Interest Rates
Interest rates are the price

Money and Interest RatesInterest rates are the price of moneyPrior to

of money
Prior to 1980, the rate of money growth

and the interest rate on long-term Treasure bonds were closely tied
Since then, the relationship is less clear but still an important determinant of interest rates

Слайд 26 Monetary and Fiscal Policy
Monetary policy is the management

Monetary and Fiscal PolicyMonetary policy is the management of the money

of the money supply and interest rates
Conducted in the

U.S. by the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed)
Fiscal policy is government spending and taxation
Budget deficit is the excess of expenditures over revenues for a particular year
Budget surplus is the excess of revenues over expenditures for a particular year
Any deficit must be financed by borrowing

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