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Презентация на тему Users \ Groups Folders \ Files permissions

User
Users \ Groups   Folders \ Files permissions User /etc/passwd fileusername:password:UID:GID:GECOS:/home/dir:shellroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash /etc/shadow fileroot:$6$EA9l7lWI$1KXpR1dYwKe0icL0ohivqdyPdwzcxn0FuH.:16856:0:99999:7:::Username, up to 8 characters. Case-sensitive, usually all lowercase. A direct Groups/etc/group filegroupname:password:GID:list of usersroot:x:0: Root userroot is the user name or account that by default has access SudoExample: sudo some commandNote: all commands executed using sudo are logged by default to /var/log/secure/etc/sudoers file Managing usersuseradd username - creates userusermod – modifies user (see help)userdel username UID rangesUID 0 is always assigned to the superuser account, root.UID 1 Managing groupsgroupadd groupname - creates group (-g GID)groupmod – modifies group (see Managing file system permissionschmod WhoWhatWhich file / directoryWho is u, g, o,
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 User

User

Слайд 3 /etc/passwd file

username:password:UID:GID:GECOS:/home/dir:shell

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

/etc/passwd fileusername:password:UID:GID:GECOS:/home/dir:shellroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

Слайд 4 /etc/shadow file
root:$6$EA9l7lWI$1KXpR1dYwKe0icL0ohivqdyPdwzcxn0FuH.:16856:0:99999:7:::
Username, up to 8 characters. Case-sensitive, usually

/etc/shadow fileroot:$6$EA9l7lWI$1KXpR1dYwKe0icL0ohivqdyPdwzcxn0FuH.:16856:0:99999:7:::Username, up to 8 characters. Case-sensitive, usually all lowercase. A

all lowercase. A direct match to the username in

the /etc/passwd file.
Password, encrypted.
The number of days since January 1, 1970 since the password was last changed.
The number of days before password may be changed (0 indicates it may be changed at any time)
The number of days after which password must be changed (99999 indicates user can keep his or her password unchanged for many, many years)
The number of days to warn user of an expiring password (7 for a full week)
The number of days after password expires, but can be used. Account will be disabled if pwd is not changed.
The number of days since January 1, 1970 when an account will be disabled
A reserved field for possible future use


Слайд 5 Groups
/etc/group file
groupname:password:GID:list of users
root:x:0:

Groups/etc/group filegroupname:password:GID:list of usersroot:x:0:

Слайд 6 Root user
root is the user name or account that

Root userroot is the user name or account that by default has

by default has access to all commands and files on a

Linux or other Unix-like operating system. It is also referred to as the root account, root user and the superuser.
Gain root access: su –



Слайд 7 Sudo

Example: sudo some command
Note: all commands executed using

SudoExample: sudo some commandNote: all commands executed using sudo are logged by default to /var/log/secure/etc/sudoers file

sudo are logged by default to /var/log/secure
/etc/sudoers file


Слайд 8 Managing users
useradd username - creates user
usermod – modifies

Managing usersuseradd username - creates userusermod – modifies user (see help)userdel

user (see help)
userdel username – deletes user (with ‘-r’

deletes it’s home directory)
passwd username – sets password




Слайд 9 UID ranges
UID 0 is always assigned to the

UID rangesUID 0 is always assigned to the superuser account, root.UID

superuser account, root.
UID 1 – 200 is a range

of ‘system users’ assigned statically to system.
UID 200 - 999 is a range of ‘system users’ used by system processes that do not own files on the file system. They are typically assigned dynamically from the available pool when the software that needs them is installed. Programs run as these ‘unprivileged’ system users in order to limit their access to just the resources they need to function.
UID 1000+ is the range available for assignment

Слайд 10 Managing groups

groupadd groupname - creates group (-g GID)
groupmod

Managing groupsgroupadd groupname - creates group (-g GID)groupmod – modifies group

– modifies group (see help)
groupdel groupname - deletes group



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