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As we all know Russia is a multinational
country, which means it is a multilingual one. Linguists
have identified about 150 different languages here.
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Some languages are very similar: representatives of different
peoples can speak their own language, yet also understand
each other perfectly well. For example, a Russian can talk to a Belorussian, a Tatar, a Kalmyk, a Buryat.
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Each language family has its own common language.
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About 87 per cent of the population of
Russia speak languages of the Indo-European group
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Iranian languages are: Ossetian, Kurdish, Tadjik.
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The Altaic group of languages is represented by
three groups: Turkish (Balkarian), Mongolian and Tungus-Manchurian (Nanian).
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There are some languages which do not belong
to any of the four groups above. These are
the languages of the people of Siberia and the Far East. They are represented by only small tribal communities of speakers (e.g. Chukchi, Koryaks, Eskimos, and Aleutians).
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In Russia the lingua franca is the Russian
language, because Russians represent the majority of the
population in the country.
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Languages of the
North Caucasus
The Caucasus is often
reffered to as “Babylon”, as there were about 40
different languages mixed with each other. The North Caucasus is home to some 4,7 million people, and is divided into 7 republics: Kabardino-Balkaria, Northern Ossetia- Alania, Ingushetia, Chechnya, Adygeya, Dagestan and Karachay-Cherkessian Republic.
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Multilingualism is virtually universal among Caucasians. Nearly everyone
speaks Russian, in addition to their own language, and
many have some command of several neighbouring languages.
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Besides, students study several foreign languages at schools,
colleges and universities. We study English. We know, that
many our living abroad speak English too.
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It”s a strange world of language
in which skating on thin ice can get you
into hot water
Franklin P. Jones
Language is not only the vehicle of thought, it is a great and efficient
instrument in thinking.
Humphery Davy, English chemist
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Language links
Work in groups. Match the words with
their origins.
French Italian Jewish
Arabic Turkish Spanish
Russian Scandinavian German Indian African
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Group 1
cabinet -
bastion -
elephant
-
Koran -
cobra
-
coffee -
kiosk -
Group 2
rucksack -
habit -
piano -
algebra -
balsam -
pepper -
cabriolet -
Group 3
bedlam -
umbrella -
domino -
sister -
altar -
alphabet -
dress -
Group 4
flamingo -
baobab -
bandana -
samovar -
root -
money -
intelligent -
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Skim the texts and guess what they are
about.
What helped you to make your guesses
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National Identity
Look at the portraits. Do you know
them? What are they famous for? Try to give
the nationality of each person.
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Making culture real
Blood is thicker than water
Different countries
– different traditions
In the USA, Christmas Eve is usually
a family dinner, when New Year’s Eve is generally shared with friends: both meals typically with turkey or goose or roastbeef, salad and cheese and chocolate cake or ice-cream.etc…
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In the Caucasus, the first birthday is considered
to be a special one. The one-year-old child
is dressed in colourful clothing and surrounded by cakes, biscuits and fruits. The child receives many gifts from friends and relatives. An assortment of items, such as yarn, stationery, brushes, books and money are also placed in front of the child. Adults make predictions about the child’s future based on the item that the child first touches. For example, if the child selects money, then the adults may predict a future of business for the child. This event is usually a family dinner with lamb or turkey, sweet national dishes.