Презентация на тему Phono-Fraphical Level of Stylistic Analysis

of phonemic and graphemic foregrounding we should not forget

the unilateral nature of a phoneme: this language unit helps to differentiate meaningful lexemes but has no meaning of its own. Cf.: [au], [ou] in "bow" бант, поклон etc.

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Elina Paliichuk

phoneme, according to recent studies, has a strong associative

and sound-instrumenting power. Well-known are numerous cases of onomatopoeia - the use of words whose sounds imitate those of the signified object or action, such as "hiss", "bowwow", "murmur", and many more.
More examples of yours?

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Elina Paliichuk

of words whose sounds produce an imitation of a

natural sound. It is often based on and combined with alliteration. http://yvision.kz/post/351603

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Elina Paliichuk

- sounds 
Indirect, which is a combination of sounds making the sound

reflection of the meaning. E.g.: And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain. (E A. Poe)

30-31/03/2015

Elina Paliichuk

the leading role belonging to alliteration - the repetition

of consonants, usually-in the beginning of words, and assonance - the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed syllables. They both may produce the effect of euphony (a sense of ease and comfort in pronouncing or hearing) or cacophony (a sense of strain and discomfort in pronouncing or hearing). As an example of the first may serve the famous lines of E.A. Poe:
...silken sad uncertain
rustling of each purple curtain...

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Elina Paliichuk

the prominent lifts (or stressed syllables) of a series

of words or phrases. Alliteration has developed largely through poetry, in which it more narrowly refers to the repetition of a consonant in any syllables that, according to the poem's meter, are stressed, as in James Thomson's verse "Come…dragging the lazy languid Line along".

30-31/03/2015

Elina Paliichuk

internal rhyming within phrases or sentences, and together with

alliteration and consonance serves as one of the building block of verse.

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Elina Paliichuk

prose euphony final sound (ending). Such recurrence takes place

at the end of a poetic line. With regard to the similarity of sounds we distinguish: full rhymes, imperfect rhymes.

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Elina Paliichuk

distinguish: masculine (or single) rhyme, feminine (or double) rhyme,

dactylic (or triple) rhyme, full double or broken rhyme. The arrangements of rhymes may assume different schemes: couplet rhyme, cross rhyme, frame rhyme. The functions of rhyme in poetry are very important: it signalizes the end of a line and marks the arrangement of lines into stanzas.

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Elina Paliichuk

units of speech. It is sometimes used by the

author to produce the desired stylistic effect, whereas in poetry rhythmical arrangement is a constant organic element, a natural outcome of poetic emotion.
Example: The fallibly irrevocable cat met its intrinsic match in the oppositional form of a dog.

30-31/03/2015

Elina Paliichuk

sound-instrumenting is seldom used. In contemporary advertising, mass media

and, above all, imaginative prose sound is foregrounded mainly through the change of its accepted graphical representation. This intentional violation of the graphical shape of a word (or word combination) used to reflect its authentic pronunciation is called graphon.

30-31/03/2015

Elina Paliichuk

Warren's Sugar Boy's speech or "You don't mean to

thay that thith ith your firth time" (D.C.) show the physical defects of the speakers - the stumbling of one and the lisping of the other.
cliches in contemporary prose dialogue: "gimme" (give me), "lemme" (let me), "gonna" (going to), "gotta" (got to), "coupla" (couple of), "mighta" (might have), "willya" (will you), etc.
"Pik-kwik store", or "The Donut (doughnut) Place", or the "Rite Bread Shop", or the "Wok-in Fast Food Restaurant", etc. "Sooper Class Model" cars, "Knee-hi" socks, "Rite Aid" medicines.

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Elina Paliichuk

functions, the first place among graphical means of foregrounding is occupied

by italics. Besides italicizing words to add to their logical or emotive significance, separate syllables and morphemes may also be emphasized by italics.

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Elina Paliichuk

through the multiplication of a grapheme or capitalization of

the word, as in Babbitt's shriek "Alllll aboarrrrrd", or in the desperate appeal in A. Huxley's Brave New World - "Help. Help. HELP."

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Elina Paliichuk

manner in which it is uttered as in the

humiliating comment from Fl. O'Connor's story - "grinning like a chim-pan-zee".
e.g. I really do n – o – t love you

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Elina Paliichuk

in which the lines/words form a recognizable shape (figure),

such as a cross, a star, a heart, a triangle, etc. usually to reflect the contents.

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Elina Paliichuk

types and functions?
What is achieved by the graphical

changes of writing - its type, the spacing of graphemes and lines?
Which phono-graphical means are predominantly used in prose and which ones in poetry?

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Elina Paliichuk

cases of alliteration, assonance and onomatopoeia
Streaked by a quarter

moon, the Mediterranean shushed gently into the beach. (I.Sh.)
He swallowed the hint with a gulp and a gasp and a grin. (R. K.)
His wife was shrill, languid, handsome and horrible. (Sc.F.)
The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free. (S. C.)

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Elina Paliichuk

speaker supplied by graphon
"De old Foolosopher, like Hickey calls

yuh, ain't yuh?" (O'N.)
"It don't take no nerve to do somepin when there ain't nothing else you can do. We ain't gonna die out. People is goin' on - changin' a little may be - but goin' right on." (J. St.)

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Elina Paliichuk

a physical defect of speech, lack of education, the

influence of dialectal norms, affectation, intoxication, carelessness in speech, etc.):

The demons of jealousy were sitting on his shoulders and he was screaming out the same old song, wheethehell whothe don't think you canpull the wool how dare you bitch bitch bitch. (S.R.)
"My daddy's coming tomorrow on a nairplane." (S.)

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Elina Paliichuk

advertisements, etc. repeatedly used in American press, TV, roadside

advertising

Weather forecast for today: Hi 59, Lo 32, Wind lite.
Best jeans for this Jeaneration.
Terry's Floor Fashions: We make 'em - you walk on 'em
Our offer is $ 15.00 per WK.
Thanx for the purchase.

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Elina Paliichuk

department. One of you is the creative director. Have

a brainstorming activity with your employees and discuss the possible phono-graphical means you would employ to advertise a new product of your company. Visualize your idea.
Use the materials offered and any examples of yours at your discretion.

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Elina Paliichuk

– Вінниця. «Нова книга», 2000 - 160 с.
Word and

its Semantic Structure. Connotational Meanings of a Word. The Role of the Context in the Actualization of Meaning. Stylistic Differentiation of the Vocabulary. Literary Stratum of Words. Colloquial Words.

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Elina Paliichuk

arrangement of a word (a line, a discourse), one

sees their varied application for recreating the individual and social peculiarities of the speaker, the atmosphere of the communication act - all aimed at revealing and emphasizing the author's viewpoint.