Презентация на тему по английскому языку на тему Мозг

the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord

makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body.

greatly between species, and identifying common features is often

difficult. Nevertheless, there are a number of principles of brain architecture that apply across a wide range of species. Some aspects of brain structure are common to almost the entire range of animal species; others distinguish "advanced" brains from more primitive ones, or distinguish vertebrates from invertebrates.

of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells.

many small nuclei involved in a wide variety of

sensory and involuntary motor functions such as vomiting, heart rate and digestive processes.

the forebrain, whose complexity and importance belies its size.

It is composed of numerous small nuclei, each with distinct connections and neurochemistry. The hypothalamus is engaged in additional involuntary or partially voluntary acts such as sleep and wake cycles, eating and drinking, and the release of some hormones

some are involved in relaying information to and from

the cerebral hemispheres, while others are involved in motivation. The subthalamic area (zona incerta) seems to contain action-generating systems for several types of "consummatory" behaviors such as eating, drinking, defecation, and copulation.

motor related or thought related, to make them certain

and precise. Removal of the cerebellum does not prevent an animal from doing anything in particular, but it makes actions hesitant and clumsy

in space, most commonly in response to visual input

on the surface of the forebrain and is the

most complex and most recent evolutionary development of the brain as an organ.

However, the area it derives from, the medial pallium,

has counterparts in all vertebrates. There is evidence that this part of the brain is involved in complex events such as spatial memory and navigation in fishes, birds, reptiles, and mammals.[

the forebrain. The primary function of the basal ganglia

appears to be action selection: they send inhibitory signals to all parts of the brain that can generate motor behaviors, and in the right circumstances can release the inhibition, so that the action-generating systems are able to execute their actions. Reward and punishment exert their most important neural effects by altering connections within the basal ganglia