Презентация на тему к лекции №1 по дисциплине История английского языка

LANGUAGES

Indo-European family of languages?
Why do we have to speak

about the Indo-European family of languages?

What is the parent language of the Indo-European family of languages?

What do you know about the historical comparative method?

Brainstorming
activity

Indo-European family of languages
7
GERMANIC

The historical or
genealogical classification, groups of
languages in

accordance with their origin from
a common linguistic ancestor. Genetically,
English belongs to the Germanic or
Teutonic group of languages,
which is one of the twelve groups
of the Indo-European linguistic family.
Most of the Area of Europe and large part of
other continents are occupied today by the
Indo-European languages,
and Germanic being one of their major group.

was first studied by the methods of historico-comparative
linguistics

evolved in the 19th с. By applying these
methods linguists discovered the kinship of what
is now known as the Indo-European (IE) family of
languages and grouped them into Germanic,
Slavonic, Romance, Celtic, and others. Modern linguistics
has improved on the method of historico-comparative linguistic research
applied in the 19th с.

was the parent language of Germanic languages spoken?

By whom

was the parent language of Germanic languages spoken?

What do you know about the ancestor of the Germanic tribes?

What did the famous scholars say about classification of the Germanic tribes?

Brainstorming
activity

the appearance of what is known, as the Proto-Germanic

(PG) language (also termed Common or Primitive
Germanic, Primitive Teutonic and simply Germanic).
PG is the linguistic ancestor the parent-language
of the Germanic group. It is supposed to have split
from related IE tongues sometime between the
15th and 10th c. B.C. There would be Germanic tribes
belonged to the western division of the IE speech
community. As the Indo-Europeans extended over a larger
territory, the ancient Germans or Teutons moved further
north than other tribes and settled on the southern coast of
the Baltic Sea in the region of the Elbe.

the ancient Teutons?
1. The Roman general, statesman, and writer

Julius Caesar (100—44 B.C.). In the Commentaries on the War in Gaul (Commentarii de hello Gallico) Caesar wrote that the Germans lived in tribes and tribal unions. It was of particularly great value for the historians. It also follows from Caesar's account that the Teutons were nomads in his time.

2. In the 1st c. A.D. Pliny the Elder in NATURAL HISTORY (NATURALIS HISTORIA) made a classified list of Germanic tribes grouping them under six headings.

3. The Roman historian Tacitus compiled a detailed description of the life and customs of the ancient Teutons. In his work he reproduced Pliny's classification of the Germanic tribes.

4. F. Engels in ON THE HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT GERMANS and THE ORIGIN OF THE FAMILY, PRIVATE PROPERTY AND THE STATE. Having made a linguistic analysis of several Germanic dialects of later ages F. Engels came to the conclu­sion that Pliny's classification of the Teutonic tribes accurately reflected the contemporary dialectal division.

Germanic language
(15th -10th c. B. C.)
B.C.
A. D.

the most important from the point of territorial extent?
Which

Germanic languages are the most important from the linguistic point of view?

Brainstorming
activity

North
Germanic

North
Germanic
Gothic
Burgandian
Vandalic
Block-scheme

They are dead languages

it’s historical
written monument, which is called
SILVER CODEX

(CODEX ARGENTEUS).
It was written by Ulfilas, a West Gothic bishop, in the 4th c.
It is written on red parchment with silver and golden letters,
and kept now in Uppsala, Sweden.
The SILVER CODEX is one of the earliest texts in the
languages of Germanic group; it represents a form of
language very close to PG and therefore throws light
on the pre-written stages of history of all the languages of
Germanic group, including English.

North
Germanic
Eastern
branch
Western
branch
Norwegian
Swedish
Danish
Faroes
Icelandic
Block-scheme

languages
Icelandic has retained a more archaic vocabulary
and

grammatical system. Modern Icelandic is very
much like Old Icelandic and Old Norse,
for it has not participated in "the linguistic changes
which took place in the other Scandinavian
languages, probably because of its geographical isolation.
Old Icelandic written records date from the
12th and 13th c, an age of literary flourishing.
The most important records are:
the ELDER EDDA (also called the POETIC EDDA) —
a collection of heroic songs of the 12th c,
the YOUNGER (PROSE) EDDA
(a text-book for poets compiled by
Snorri Sturluson in the early 13th c.)
and the Old Icelandic sagas.

North
Germanic
Low Branch
High Branch
German
Yiddish
Flemish
Frisian
English
Africaans
Dutch
Block-scheme

youngest language among all the
languages of the West

Germanic group.
It exist for about 200 years.
About three hundred years ago the Dutch language
was brought to South Africa by colonists from
Southern Holland. Their dialects in Africa eventually
grew into a separate West Germanic language,
Afrikaans. Afrikaans has incorporated elements
from the speech of English and German colonists
in Africa and from the tongues of the natives.
Writing in Afrikaans began as late as the end of the
19th с. Today Afrikaans is the mother-tongue of over
four million Afrikaners and coloured people and
one of the state languages in the
South African Republic (alongside English).

ZEALAND
The Continent of
AFRICA
ENGLISH