Презентация на тему по английскому языку по теме:Язык программирования(Lisp)

1927 in Boston, Massachusetts. His parents, John Patrick and

IDA Glatt McCarthy, were immigrants, his father was Lithuanian, and his mother was Jewish. Young John showed early success in mathematics – so, as a schoolboy, he independently mastered mathematics from University textbooks. Later, as a student at the California Institute of technology, McCarthy was able to jump right through the first two years of study, but McCarthy's most important achievement is the invention of the Lisp programming language in 1958.

students at the Massachusetts Institute of technology (MIT), developed

a new elegant language for working with lists, which he gave the name LISP. And many students have made a significant contribution to this development. In particular, D. Edwards programmed the process of clearing memory of unnecessary arrays, the so-called garbage collection, which is a fundamental concept in LISP.

the abbreviation of the English words LISP Processing, which

means "list processing". LISP programs and data exist in the form of symbolic expressions that are stored as list structures. LISP deals with two types of objects: atoms and lists. Atoms are symbols used to identify objects that can be numeric or symbolic (concepts, materials, people, etc.). A list is a sequence of zero or more elements enclosed in parentheses, each of which is either an atom or a list.

programmers usually work in a special incremental interactive programming

environment called the eval-print read cycle (REPL). This means that the system continuously reads expressions entered by the user, evaluates them, and prints the results.
Common Lisp was developed from the ground up to create large, complex, and long-running applications and thus supports hot-swapping software - the code of an executable program can be changed without having to interrupt it.
The Lisp programming language invented exception handling and has an error handling tool called a "condition system" that goes far beyond the limits of most other languages.
Common Lisp implementations usually come with a complex "external function interface" (FFI) that allows direct access to Lisp code written in C or C++, and sometimes to Java code. This allows programmers to use libraries written in other languages, which makes these libraries dependent on Lisp. Lisp gives programmers the ability to implement complex data operations, and mathematical constructions in an expressive and natural idiom.

the functional programming language paradigm from scratch. Unlike procedural

and object-oriented languages, whose theoretical model is a Turing machine, the theoretical model for calculating Lisp is the Lambda calculus developed by the Alonso Church. This difference can be understood in the following ways:

with data.
In object-oriented languages, objects encapsulate code and

data by interacting with each other.
In functional languages, data is passed through functions, but does not have a separate existence of its own.
In pure functional languages, this is ephemeral.
However, most functional languages (including Lisp) provide a mechanism for storing certain data even when it does not pass through functions. This takes the form of what Common Lisp calls "special variables", and is equivalent to "global variables" in other programming languages. That is, although it is a functional language, it is not purely functional, although it can be used as one, avoiding imperative constructs.

Lisp
The interactivity and flexibility of LispThe speed

of Lisp languages is usually equivalent to the interpreted languages. This is also the source of the old myth that if it is interpreted, it must therefore be slow, but it is not. Compilers for Lisp have been around since 1959, and now all major common Lisp implementations can be compiled directly with machine code, which is often the same as C code.