Презентация на тему Bologna Process

Accords) is to create the European Higher Education Area

by making academic degree standards and quality assurance standards more comparable and compatible throughout Europe, in particular under the Lisbon Recognition Convention. It is named after the place it was proposed, the University of Bologna in the Italian city of Bologna.

Magna Charta Universitatum had been issued at a meeting

of university rectors celebrating the 900th anniversary of the University of Bologna – and thus of (Western) European universities – in 1988.

whereas there are only 27 Member States of the

EU.

Higher Education Area" are:
from 1999: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the

Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom
from 2001: Croatia, Cyprus, Liechtenstein, Turkey
from 2003: Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Holy See, Russia, Serbia, Macedonia
from 2005: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine
from May 2007: Montenegro

of higher education qualification.
1st cycle: typically 180−240 ECTS credits,

usually awarding a Bachelor's degree.
2nd cycle: typically 90−120 ECTS credits (a minimum of 60 on 2nd-cycle level). Usually awarding a Master's degree.
3rd cycle: Doctoral degree. No ECTS range given.
In most cases, these will take 3, 2, and 3 years respectively to complete. The actual naming of the degrees may vary from country to country.

to the other (within the European Higher Education Area)

– for the purpose of further study or employment;
the attractiveness of European higher education has increased, so that many people from non-European countries also come to study and/or work in Europe;
the European Higher Education Area provides Europe with a broad, high-quality advanced knowledge base, and ensures the further development of Europe as a stable, peaceful and tolerant community benefiting from a cutting-edge European Research Area;
there will also be a greater convergence between the U.S. and Europe as European higher education adopts aspects of the American system.

for further study, so those students who also want

to advance to a master's degree will be at a disadvantage.
The master's degree effectively becomes the minimum qualification for a professional engineer, rather than the bachelor's degree.
The academic three-year degrees prepare only for continuing towards master's, so students who enter the workforce at that point will not be properly prepared. Yet they would have the same academic title as the fully trained vocationally educated engineers.

The end-result of the change is that the agreements between professional bodies will require reevaluation in some cases as qualifications change.

its education frameworks in consistence with the Bologna Process.

By mid-2000s, most Universities grant lower Bachelor's degree (about 4 years) and higher Master's degree (about 6 years). In the Soviet times the only degree was Specialist, which is discontinued by now. Masters are eligible for post-graduate courses. The post-graduate system (Aspirantura) has not been reformed, with Candidate of Sciences and Doktor nauk degrees being granted.

that 1,500-1,800 hours are available per year. However, the

Bologna Process does not standardize semesters, which means that if the summer break at the university is long, the same material has to be crammed into a shorter study year.