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History
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was
adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December
1948, was the result of the experience of the Second World War. With the end of that war, and the creation of the United Nations, the international community vowed never again to allow atrocities like those of that conflict happen again.
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Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL
DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of
achievement for all peoples and all nations.
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Article 1.
All human beings are born free and
equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with
reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
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Article 2.
Everyone is entitled to all the rights
and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction
of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
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Article 3.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty
and security of person.
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Article 4.
No one shall be held in slavery
or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms.
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Article 5.
No one shall be subjected to torture
or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
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Article 6.
Everyone has the right to recognition
everywhere as a person before the law.
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Article 7.
All are equal before the law
and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection
of the law.
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Article 8.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary
arrest, detention or exile.
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Article 9.
Everyone has the right to freedom of
movement and residence within the borders of each state.
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Article 10.
Everyone has the right to a nationality.
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Article 11.
Men and women of full age, without
any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have
the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
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Article 12.
The family is the natural and fundamental
group unit of society and is entitled to protection
by society and the State.
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Article 13.
Everyone has the right to own property
alone as well as in association with others.
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Article 14.
Everyone has the right to freedom of
peaceful assembly and association.
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Article 15.
Everyone has the right to work, to
free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions
of work and to protection against unemployment.
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Article 16.
Everyone has the right to rest
and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and
periodic holidays with pay.
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Article 17.
Everyone has the right to education. Education
shall be free, at least in the elementary and
fundamental stages.
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Article 18.
Everyone has the right freely to participate
in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy
the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
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Article 19.
Everyone has duties to the community in
which alone the free and full development of his
personality is possible.
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The entire text of the UDHR was composed
in less than two years. At a time when
the world was divided into Eastern and Western blocks, finding a common ground on what should make the essence of the document proved to be a colossal task.
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THE DRAFTERS OF THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS
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Dr. Charles Malik (Lebanon)
Alexandre Bogomolov (USSR)
Dr. Peng-chun Chang
(China)
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René Cassin (France)
Eleanor Roosevelt (US)
Charles Dukes (United Kingdom)