Презентация на тему Numismatics

(Latin: numisma, nomisma, "coin"; from the Greek: νομίζειν nomízein,

"to use according to law") is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, and related objects. While numismatists are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other payment media used to resolve debts and the exchange of goods.

In Russian:
Нумизматика (латынь: numisma, nomisma, "монета"; от грека: νομίζειν nomízein, "использовать согласно закону"), исследование или коллекция валюты, включая монеты, символы, бумажные деньги, и связанные объекты. В то время как нумизматы часто характеризуются как студенты или коллекционеры монет, дисциплина также включает более широкое исследование денег, и многие СМИ проблемы оплаты долгов имели обыкновение решать обменом монет.

even the special sience about money. For example it

has its own magazins:

Coin collecting may have existed in ancient times. Caesar Augustus gave "coins of every device, including old pieces of the kings and foreign money" as Saturnalia gifts.[2]
Petrarch, who wrote in a letter that he was often approached by old mans with old coins asking him to buy or to identify the ruler, is credited as the first Renaissance collector. Petrarch presented a collection of Roman coins to Emperor Charles IV in 1355.
The first book on coins was De Asse et Partibus (1514) by Guillaume Budé.[3]. During the early Renaissance ancient coins were collected by European royalty and nobility. Collectors of coins were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg who started the Berlin coin cabinet and Henry IV of France to name a few. Numismatics is called the "Hobby of Kings", due to its most esteemed founders.
Professional societies organized in the 19th century. The Royal Numismatic Society was founded in 1836 and immediately began publishing the journal that became the Numismatic Chronicle. The American Numismatic Society was founded in 1858 and began publishing the American Journal of Numismatics in 1866.

Francesco
 Petrarca

of Ancient Greek coinage. The first volume of Sylloge of Coins

of the British Isles was published in 1958.
In the 20th century as well the coins were seen more as archaeological objects. After World War II in Germany a project, Fundmünzen der Antike (Coin finds of the Classical Period) was launched, to register every coin found within Germany. This idea found successors in many countries.
In the United States, the US mint established a coin Cabinet in 1838 when chief coiner Adam Eckfeldt donated his personal collection.[4] William E. Du Bois’ Pledges of History... (1846) describes the cabinet.
C. Wyllys Betts' American colonial history illustrated by contemporary medals (1894) set the groundwork for the study of American historical medals.

History:

coins of the mid 17th to the 21st century,

the period of machine struck coins. Their study serves more the need of collectors than historians and it is more often successfully pursued by amateur aficionados than by professional scholars. The focus of modern numismatics lies frequently in the research of production and use of money in historical contexts using mint or other records in order to determine the relative rarity of the coins they study. Varieties, mint-made errors, the results of progressive die wear, mintage figures and even the socio-political context of coin mintings are also matters of interest.

were issued shortly before the collapse of the Soviet

Union in 1991.  The set includes the 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Kopecks

form: