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Thousands of people come everyday to watch Changing
of the Guard, one of the most popular ceremonies.
It takes place at Buckingham Palace at 11.30.
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People can see not only the ceremony of
Changing of the Guard and Buckingham Palace but also
the Victoria Memorial in front of Buckingham Palace.
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So we decided to know everything about Queen
Victoria, her popularity among British people, to find out
why people erected this monument.
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Queen Victoria was one of the most popular
British monarchs. Her 64-year reign was the longest in
British history and is known as the Victorian era.
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Alexandrina Victoria was born on the twenty-fourth of
May 1819 in Kensington Palace in London.
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Princess Victoria Maria Louisa of Saxe-Coburg
Prince Edward,
Duke of Kent
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The princess was named Alexandrina after Emperor Alexander
the first of Russia and Victoria after her mother.
Emperor Alexander the first of Russia
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Victoria’s father died when she was eight months
old. The girl belonged to the House of Hanover
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She was taught only German until she was
three years old. At three she learnt to speak
English and French. Her mother spoke German with her. Her command of English was good but not perfect.
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As well as learning languages, Victoria studied history,
geography, arithmetic, drawing, music and the Bible.
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She grew up in Kensington Palace.
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Victoria inherited the throne of Great Britain at
the age of 18,
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after the death of her uncle William the
fourth who had no legitimate children.
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Her coronation took place in June 1838 and
she became the first monarch to take up residence
at Buckingham Palace.
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Queen Victoria first met her future husband, who
was her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
when she was seventeen in 1836.
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Albert and Victoria felt mutual affection, fell in
love with each other
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and some years later in February 1840 they
were married
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in the Chapel Royal at St. James’s Palace,
London.
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For the next 20 years they lived in
harmony.
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Albert became not only the Queen’s companion, but
an important political advisor. Her political influence wasn’t entirely
strong until she married Prince Albert who helped shape her into a queen of the people.
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In her early days Victoria was known to
be stubborn and not interested much of the outside
world. Learning by example, he attended meeting with ministers and helped formulate politics at home and abroad for the world’s strongest nation.
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Albert taught Victoria that she should have an
active part in Britain’s politics. From him she learned
hard work, dedication and perseverance.
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Victoria and Albert were really happy, they had
nine children:
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The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal (1840 -1901)
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The Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later
King Edward VII (1841 – 1910)
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The Princess Alice (1843 – 1978)
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The Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
and Duke of Edinburgh; Admiral of the Fleet (1844
– 1900)
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The Princess Helena (1846 – 1923)
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The Princess Louise (1848 – 1939)
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The Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn;
Field Marshal, Governor General of Canada (1850 –1942)
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The Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (1853 –
1884)
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The Princess Beatrice (1857 – 1944)
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But in December 1861 Prince died of typhoid
fever at the age of 42 due to the
primitive sanitary conditions
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Victoria mourned the death of her husband for
ten years, and she wore black for the rest
of her life. She avoided appearing in public and rarely left home. This made her unpopular, she was widely criticized. Some people even doubted the value of monarchy.
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One important step to popularity was the publication
of the Queen’s book “Our life in the Highlands”.
The book was the Queen’s own diary of her life with Prince Albert and her family. It delighted the public as they had never before known anything of the private life of the monarch, and they enjoyed reading it. They were impressed by the fact that the Queen wrote about her servants as if they were members of the family.
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The democratic British liked and respected the example
of family life which the Queen had given them;
they saw that she and her family shared their own moral and religious values. She touched people’s hearts. During the late 1870s and 1880s Victoria gradually returned to public view and was restored to favour with the British people.
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The Victorian era was at the height of
the Industrial Revolution, a period of great social, economic
and technological changes in the United Kingdom. Britain became the most powerful country in the world.
The number of people living in Britain more than doubled. Many factories and machines were built, and new towns grew up. Railways, originally built to transport goods, allowed people to travel around the country.
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Victoria’s reign was also marked by a great
expansion of the British Empire which included Canada, Australia,
India, New Zealand and large parts of Africa.
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At the end of Queen Victoria’s reign, the
Queen’s full style and title were:
Her Majesty Victoria, by
the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India
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It was also a largely peaceful reign. Although
there were conflicts in the Empire, British forces were
involved only in one European conflict, the Crimean War (1854 – 1856). At the time when monarchy was losing, it’s place as an integral part of the British governing system, Victoria managed to establish it as a respected and popular institution.
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Queen Victoria was also popular in Europe. She
became known as the Grandmother of Europe after marrying
members of her family into many royal houses of Europe.
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Among her grandchildren was Alexandra, her most favourite
granddaughter, wife of Tsar Nicholas the Second of Russia.
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Queen Victoria died on the 22nd of January
1901 at the age of 81
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at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight.
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She outlived 3 of her 9 children, 11
of her 42 grandchildren.
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Queen Victoria remains the most commemorated British monarch
in history, with statues to her erected through out
Great Britain and the former territories of the British Empire:
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the Victoria Memorial outside Buckingham Palace,
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monuments and statues in Australia,
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Many institutions, parks, squares, hospitals bear her name.
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The British should be proud of such a
glorious Queen.