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Презентация на тему Muscle tissue

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Muscle tissue satisfy requirement of the body in movement.
Muscle tissueLecture N7 Muscle tissue satisfy requirement of the body in movement. Classification –  The 3 types of muscle tissue:1. skeletal 2. cardiac3. smoothgroups:StriatedSmooth Why do muscles contract?Muscle cells have contractile proteins - actin and myosin, Why do muscles contract?Actin and myosin form myofilaments:Myosin - thick, dark and SMOOTH MUSCLE Locations: walls of visceral hollow organs (stomach). Functions: involuntary movement --(peristaltics) (The SMOOTH MUSCLEUnit – spindle shaped cell -- myocyteIndividual cells are organized in Origin of smooth muscleSmooth muscle cells arise from mesenchymal cells. Striated muscles See: regular organization of the myofibrils gives rise to the cross-striation, which CARDIAC MUSCLE Locations: heartFunction: involuntary, rhythmic contractionUnit – cardiomyocyte (cell) Cardiac muscle cells:3 types:Contractile, Conducting Secretory CARDIAC MUSCLE cardiac muscle cells are cylindrical, connect end-by-end, and form “functional CARDIAC MUSCLE They are connected by special junction - intercalated discs – SKELETAL MUSCLE LocationMuscles associated with the skeleton (are connected to bones by tendons). Platisma SKELETAL MUSCLE--- is innervated by the somatic nervous system – voluntary!! ---- SKELETAL MUSCLESkeletal muscle fibers run the full length of a muscle. The Nuclei:Skeletal muscle fibres contain many nuclei(up to several hundred ) placed beneath the plasma membrane Myofibrils  Mechanism of contraction: Sliding filaments model Myofibrils has some bands and lines depending on the distribution and interconnection Sarcomeres --are parts, smallest contractile units of myofibrils.Sarcomere formula: S = ½ Sarcomere formula after contractionS = A(- ½ I, - ½ I, - H) Mechanism of contraction Origin of skeletal muscleThe myoblasts of all skeletal muscle fibres originate from 1. Myoblasts undergo frequent divisions and coalesce with the formation of a Regeneration. Satellite cellsSatellite cells are small cells which are closely apposed to
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2

Muscle tissue satisfy requirement of the body in

Muscle tissue satisfy requirement of the body in movement.

movement.


Слайд 3 Classification – The 3 types of muscle tissue:

1.

Classification – The 3 types of muscle tissue:1. skeletal 2. cardiac3. smoothgroups:StriatedSmooth

skeletal
2. cardiac
3. smooth

groups:
Striated

Smooth


Слайд 4 Why do muscles contract?
Muscle cells have contractile proteins

Why do muscles contract?Muscle cells have contractile proteins - actin and

-
actin and myosin,
and some another .

The interaction

of actin and myosin mediates the contraction of muscle cells.


Слайд 5 Why do muscles contract?
Actin and myosin form myofilaments:
Myosin

Why do muscles contract?Actin and myosin form myofilaments:Myosin - thick, dark

- thick, dark and Anisotropic (A)
Actin – thin, light

and Isotropic (I)
Actin and myosin form special organelles – myofibrils, responsible for muscle contraction.


Слайд 6 SMOOTH MUSCLE

SMOOTH MUSCLE

Слайд 7 Locations: walls of visceral hollow organs
(stomach).

Locations: walls of visceral hollow organs (stomach). Functions: involuntary movement --(peristaltics)

Functions: involuntary movement --
(peristaltics)
(The innervation -- by autonomic

nervous system)



Слайд 8 SMOOTH MUSCLE
Unit – spindle shaped cell -- myocyte
Individual

SMOOTH MUSCLEUnit – spindle shaped cell -- myocyteIndividual cells are organized

cells are organized in sheath
In hollow organs forms

layers
Contraction is usually slow.



Слайд 9 Origin of smooth muscle


Smooth muscle cells arise from

Origin of smooth muscleSmooth muscle cells arise from mesenchymal cells.

mesenchymal cells.


Слайд 10 Striated muscles

Striated muscles

Слайд 11 See: regular organization of the myofibrils gives rise

See: regular organization of the myofibrils gives rise to the cross-striation,

to the cross-striation, which characterises skeletal and cardiac muscle.


Слайд 12 CARDIAC MUSCLE
Locations: heart
Function: involuntary, rhythmic contraction
Unit –

CARDIAC MUSCLE Locations: heartFunction: involuntary, rhythmic contractionUnit – cardiomyocyte (cell)

cardiomyocyte (cell)


Слайд 13 Cardiac muscle cells:
3 types:
Contractile,
Conducting
Secretory


Cardiac muscle cells:3 types:Contractile, Conducting Secretory

Слайд 14 CARDIAC MUSCLE
cardiac muscle cells are cylindrical,

CARDIAC MUSCLE cardiac muscle cells are cylindrical, connect end-by-end, and form

connect end-by-end,
and form “functional fiber”, which
often branch

at acute angles.


Слайд 15 CARDIAC MUSCLE
They are connected by special junction

CARDIAC MUSCLE They are connected by special junction - intercalated discs

-
intercalated discs – consisting of
gap junctions
and


desmosomes.

Слайд 17 SKELETAL MUSCLE

SKELETAL MUSCLE

Слайд 18 Location
Muscles associated with the skeleton (are connected to

LocationMuscles associated with the skeleton (are connected to bones by tendons).

bones by tendons).

Platisma and mimic muscles

Voluntary sphincters of

inner organs

Слайд 19 SKELETAL MUSCLE
--- is innervated by the somatic nervous

SKELETAL MUSCLE--- is innervated by the somatic nervous system – voluntary!!

system – voluntary!!
---- consists of very long tubular

cells (also called muscle fibres).


Слайд 20 SKELETAL MUSCLE
Skeletal muscle fibers run the full length

SKELETAL MUSCLESkeletal muscle fibers run the full length of a muscle.

of a muscle.

The average length of skeletal muscle

cells in humans is about 3 cm (sartorius muscle up to 30 cm, stapedius muscle only about 1 mm). Their diameters vary from 10 to 100 µm.

Слайд 21 Nuclei:
Skeletal muscle fibres contain many nuclei
(up to several

Nuclei:Skeletal muscle fibres contain many nuclei(up to several hundred ) placed beneath the plasma membrane

hundred )
placed beneath the plasma membrane


Слайд 22 Myofibrils Mechanism of contraction: Sliding filaments model

Myofibrils Mechanism of contraction: Sliding filaments model

Слайд 23 Myofibrils has some bands and lines depending on

Myofibrils has some bands and lines depending on the distribution and

the distribution and interconnection of myofilaments -- :
I-band

- actin filaments only,
A-band - myosin filaments which may overlap with actin filaments
T or Z-line -- band of connections between actin filaments; zone of apposition of actin filaments belonging to two neighboring sarcomeres;
M-line - band of connections between myosin filaments.
H-band - zone of myosin filaments only (no overlap with actin filaments) within the A-band


Слайд 26 Sarcomeres --
are parts, smallest contractile units of myofibrils.
Sarcomere

Sarcomeres --are parts, smallest contractile units of myofibrils.Sarcomere formula: S =

formula:
S = ½ I + A + ½

I



Слайд 27 Sarcomere formula after contraction
S = A
(- ½ I,

Sarcomere formula after contractionS = A(- ½ I, - ½ I, - H)

- ½ I, - H)


Слайд 28 Mechanism of contraction

Mechanism of contraction

Слайд 29 Origin of skeletal muscle
The myoblasts of all skeletal

Origin of skeletal muscleThe myoblasts of all skeletal muscle fibres originate

muscle fibres originate from the paraxial mesoderm - myotome.



Слайд 30 1. Myoblasts undergo frequent divisions and coalesce with

1. Myoblasts undergo frequent divisions and coalesce with the formation of

the formation of a multinucleated, syncytial muscle fibre or

myotube. The nuclei of the myotube are still located centrally in the muscle fibre.

2. In the course of the synthesis of the myofilaments and myofibrils, the nuclei are gradually displaced to the periphery of the cell.


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