Презентация на тему Семиотический поворот в биологии и биологический поворот в семиотике

(C. S. Peirce)
= interpretation

= translation
= life process (biosemiotic program)

Sebeok’s Thesis
life and semiosis are coextensive

a species-specific model (umwelt) of their universe; signify; and

communicate by […] signs” (Sebeok 1996: 102).
“Because there can be no semiosis without interpretability – surely life’s cardinal propensity – semiosis presupposes the axiomatic identity of the semiosphere with the biosphere” (Sebeok 2001: 68).

semiosis
Jakob v. Uexküll

Juri Lotman

Eco 1976

Lower semiotic threshold (border of life)
Indexical threshold (border

of animal)
Symbolic threshold (border of culture & language)

rationalis (intellectiva)

- biosemiotic
T. Sebeok 1963 - zoosemiotic
M. Krampen 1981 -

phytosemiotic

Borders of human
Borders of animal
Borders of plant ...

A
Autocell
autocatalysis + self-assembly



autoreproductive systems – without semiosis
Semiosis requires codes

is a recognition of absence)
what makes a difference
(Bateson’s

‘difference that makes a difference’)
responsible for qualitative diversity

in the realm of life?
Which are the main types

of umwelt?
Who owns a space?
Who owns a time?
What are the mechanisms of stability in semiotic systems?

Michael Arbib
Rene Thom
Towards biosemiotics
Brian Goodwin
Howard Pattee
Conrad Hal Waddington

From stereochemistry

to code
Code as a part of of the mechanism of agency, and semiosis

Cell as a system that has needs (semiosis — intentions)
A need = recognition of absence

of iconic semiosis
Biological species
Tissues
Organic form
Organism as a swarm

Herds
Flocks
Families


Recognition concept

of species (H. Paterson)
Perceptual categorization

Once communication is introduced, the discretization follows

Irmengard Rauch & Gerald Carr
semiotic animal – John Deely

& Susan Petrilli & Augusto Ponzio

recognize, or iconicity. [quality]
pure recognition, nonspatial umwelt
Animal semiosis is

based on the ability to associate signs, or indexicality. [action of opposition]
spatial umwelt, orientation
Propositional semiosis is based on the ability to combine signs freely, or symbolicity. [synthetic thought]
temporal umwelt, language, narratives

non-symbolic texts
non-temporal umwelten
non-propositional discourse

possible; and, equally important, by doing one’s best to

facilitate the success of one’s colleagues in these respects. These are the only things I have ever wanted to do in my academic life.
[1991]

sign processes or semioses
Study of meaningful communication
Study of qualitative

diversity
Knowing of knowing

is the physics of the XXI century

Robert Rosen (Life

Itself, 1999: 105): Life poses the most serious kinds of challenges to physics itself.

John Locke (An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690): Science may be divided into three sorts.

Science may be divided into three sorts. All that

can fall within the compass of human understanding, being either, First, the nature of things, as they are in themselves, their relations, and their manner of operation: or, Secondly, that which man himself ought to do, as a rational and voluntary agent, for the attainment of any end, especially happiness: or, Thirdly, the ways and means whereby the knowledge of both the one and the other of these is attained and communicated; I think science may be divided properly into these three sorts:--

they are in their own proper beings, their constitution,

properties, and operations; whereby I mean not only matter and body, but spirits also, which have their proper natures, constitutions, and operations, as well as bodies. This, in a little more enlarged sense of the word, I call Phusike, or natural philosophy. The end of this is bare speculative truth: and whatsoever can afford the mind of man any such, falls under this branch, whether it be God himself, angels, spirits, bodies; or any of their affections, as number, and figure, &c.
‑3. Practica. Secondly, Praktike, The skill of right applying our own powers and actions, for the attainment of things good and useful. The most considerable under this head is ethics, which is the seeking out those rules and measures of human actions, which lead to happiness, and the means to practise them. The end of this is not bare speculation and the knowledge of truth; but right, and a conduct suitable to it.

called Semeiotike, or the doctrine of signs; the most

usual whereof being words, it is aptly enough termed also Logike, logic: the business whereof is to consider the nature of signs, the mind makes use of for the understanding of things, or conveying its knowledge to others. For, since the things the mind contemplates are none of them, besides itself, present to the understanding, it is necessary that something else, as a sign or representation of the thing it considers, should be present to it: and these are ideas. And because the scene of ideas that makes one man's thoughts cannot be laid open to the immediate view of another, nor laid up anywhere but in the memory, a no very sure repository: therefore to communicate our thoughts to one another, as well as record them for our own use, signs of our ideas are also necessary: those which men have found most convenient, and therefore generally make use of, are articulate sounds. The consideration, then, of ideas and words as the great instruments of knowledge, makes no despicable part of their contemplation who would take a view of human knowledge in the whole extent of it. And perhaps if they were distinctly weighed, and duly considered, they would afford us another sort of logic and critic, than what we have been hitherto acquainted with.

division of the objects of our understanding. This seems

to me the first and most general, as well as natural division of the objects of our understanding. For a man can employ his thoughts about nothing, but either, the contemplation of things themselves, for the discovery of truth; or about the things in his own power, which are his own actions, for the attainment of his own ends; or the signs the mind makes use of both in the one and the other, and the right ordering of them, for its clearer information. All which three, viz, things, as they are in themselves knowable; actions as they depend on us, in order to happiness; and the right use of signs in order to knowledge, being toto coelo different, they seemed to me to be the three great provinces of the intellectual world, wholly separate and distinct one from another.
THE END

Toronto University Press.
I Greek – semiotics and science not

distinguished
II Latin – semiotics without science
III Modern – science without semiotics
IV Post-modern – science with semiotics

of Understanding. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
John Deely (2005).

Basics of Semiotics. 4th ed. Tartu: Tartu University Press.
Greek – Latin – Modern – Postmodern
Modern: sociobiology, semiology, Saussure
Ultramodern: Derrida
Postmodern: semiotics, Peirce, Uexküll, ecophilosophy

the role of observer
N. Bohr’s complementarity principle
J. Horgan (1996).

The End of Science.
H. J. Pirner (2002). The semiotics of “postmodern” physics. In: M.Ferrari & I.-O.Stamatescu (eds.), Symbol and Physical Knowledge. Berlin: Springer, 211-229.
Interdisciplinarity

H. H.; Somorjai, R. L. 1979. A symposium in

theoretical biology. In: Buckley, Paul; Peat, F. David (eds.), A Question of Physics: Conversations in Physics and Biology. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 84–123.

“What is important in biology is not how we see the systems which are interacting, but how they see each other.” (Rosen et al. 1979: 87)

where the partition between “system” and observer is drawn is entirely arbitrary. (Rosen 1999: 86)

Ecological web (of mind):
our self would include our umwelt, our ecosystem.

is in its last end reducable to quantitative. Science

means measuring. Physical space is commensurable.

Quantitative methods are supplementary, to find out the qualitative differences. Semiotic space (semiosphere) is incommensurable.

and the many.
Cybernetics and Human Knowing 12: 159-167.

exist can be selected as members of a new

set that is created from them

L
{L}
{{L}}
{{{L}}}
...
{L, {L}}
{L, {L}, {L, {L}}
...

members
Physical world – the difference between singleton and its

element collapses

Note. Mathematical world is semiotic – the world of relations and possibilities. This creates a permanent tension between mathematical description and purely physical world.

realm
(erroneous)

is locally plural