Презентация на тему Соединительныя ткани

скелет)
2. Трофическая (обмен веществ между кровью и клетками)
3. Защитная

(механич. защита, прочность органов, фагоцитоз макрофагами, участие в воспалении и иммунном ответе)
4. Кроветворная (микроокруже-ние для клеток гемопоэза)
5. Пластическая (адаптирует к изменяющимся условиям за счёт изменения обмена веществ)

Functions of
connective tissues

Basic - make capsules of organs,
tendons, fascia, skeleton.

2. Trophic - metabolism between
blood and cells.

3. Protective - mechanical protection,
durability of organs, phagosytosis by
macrophages, participates in an
inflammation and immunity.

4. Hemopoietic - a microenvironment
for hemopoiesis cells.

5. Plastic - adapts organs at change of
conditions due to change of
a metabolism, participates in
regeneration.

(LCCT)
Клетки
Cells
Эластические
волокна
Elastic fibers
Коллагеновые
волокна
Collagen fibers
Основное вещество
Fundamental

(amorphous) substance

system from water, salts and organic substances: glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans

(GAG) and proteoglycans.

Glycoproteins are the proteins connected with oligosaccharines,
connect cells with fibres, happen soluble and insoluble structural,
species-specific.

Proteoglycans are the proteins connected with GAG.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are sour high-polymer
combinations, synthesized by fibroblasts. Distinguish 5 groups of
GAG.

- water
Органические вещества - organic substances :

Гликозаминогликаны (ГАГ)

glycosaminoglycans (GAG)

Гликопротеиды (белки + олигосахариды)
glycoproteins (proteins + oligosaccharines)

Протеогликаны (белки + ГАГ)
proteoglycans (proteins + GAG)

группа – кератансульфаты
4 группа – гепарансульфаты и гепарин

Не сульфатирована,

гидрофильна:
5 группа – гиалуроновая кислота

Сульфатированные, гидрофобные:

Гликозаминогликаны (ГАГ) Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)

4 groups are sulfatated, connected with proteins, are a part of proteoglycans:
chondroitinsulfats A,B,C,
dermatansulfats,
keratansulfats,
heparansulfats and heparin.

5-th group is not sulfatated:
hyaluronic acid
It has the greatest molecular weight, can be free and connected with proteins.

GAG define permeability of a tissue for water and solutions.

a metabolism, phagocytosis, duplication and mobility of cells. It

is a lot of it at young organisms.
Chondroitinsulfats are hydrophobic, brake duplication of cells and regeneration; with the years their quantity increases.
Heparin blocks phagocytosis, the metabolism, duplication and mobility of cells, permeability of tissues, coagulability of blood, but activates disintegration of fibrin and fats. Breach of GAG parity in tissue leads to breach of fibre formation and development of collagenouses (rheumatism, scleroderma).

collagen)
Collagenic fibers are
very strong,
oxiphilic,

tape-like,
not anastomose,
lay freely,
slightly twisting.

of triplets of amino-acids - in each triplet the

first amino-acid is glycine, the second - proline or lysine, the third - anyone in different types of collagen.
Fibroblasts synthesize tropocollagen and secrete it in the intercellular environment. Then it is polymerisated in fibril with participation of acidic GAG, thus the tropocollagen molecules are displaced rather each other on ¼ of length therefore fibrils are cross-striated.
Fibrils Fibrils are combined collagenic fibres having thickness from 1 up to 12 microns.

Fibroblast by means of the shoots creeps along of a fibre and completes it at length and thickness.
Young organism has a lot of hyaluronic acid, therefore a fibre thin and long.
Old organism has a lot of heparin, therefore fibres short and thick.
Deficiency of vit.C blockages a tropocollagen formation, there are defects of bones, a teeth, healing of wounds, crises of bones.

in GAG)

64 нм

1 тип – в соединительной ткани, в костях, зубах
1

type - in a connective tissue, bones and a teeth

2 тип – в хрящах, в стекловидном теле глаза
2 type - in cartilages and vitreous body of an eye

3 тип – в ретикулярной и рыхлой соед. ткани
3 type - in reticular and loose collagen tissue

4 тип – в базальных мембранах эпителия
4 type - in basal membrane of epithelium

5 тип – в базальных мембранах эндотелия
5 type - in basal membrane of endothelium

Толстые
волокна

Тонкие
волокна

Thick
fibers

Thin
fibers

type)
Ядра клеток (nucleous of cells)
(импрегнация азотнокислым серебром) (Impregnation AgNO3

)

thickness 1 micron,
bunches of collagen 3-rd type,
"dressed" in a cover from
neutral glycoproteins,
not painted by eosin, but
impregnate by silver.
are steady against acids,
alkalis and enzymes,
strong branched, anastomosed,
braid cells,
it is a lot of in stroma of
hemopoetic organs, in smooth
muscle tissue, mucous layes,
basal membranes.

of fibers
are more thin and light

then collagenic fibers,
less strong,
are well stretched,
rectilinear,
branching and anastomosing.
Are painted by orsein,
collapse only by elastase,
elasticity is provided by means
of derivative amino acids –
desmosin and isodesmosin.

клетки

4. Малодиффе-
ренцированные
клетки
5. Липоциты
6. Меланоциты

7.

Эндотелиоциты

8. Плазмоциты
9. Лейкоциты

Основные
резидентные

Малочисленные
резидентные

В сосудах

Приносятся кровью

Fibroblasts
Histiocyte
3. Labrocyte


4. Little differentiated
cells
5. Lipocytes
6. Melanocytes


7. Endotheliocytes

8. Plasmocytes
9. Leucocytes

Cells
of connective tissue:

Main
residental cells

Not numerous
residental cells

In vessels

Are brought by blood

Leucocytes
Капилляры Hemocfpillary
Адвентициальная клетка
(малодифференцированная)
Adventitial cells (little differentiated)
Фибробласты
Фибробласт Fibroblast
Loose
collagen

connective
tissue

Макрофаги Macrophages

immune answer,
neutrophils - at a acute inflammation.
Plasmocytes

happens much at a chronic
inflammation, at an allergy.

Plasmocytes have:
a dense nucleus with
arrangement of dense chromatin
in the form of spokes in a wheel,
basophilic cytoplasm,
well developed a rough
endoplasmic reticulum,
a light court yard about a nucleus
(a site where KG is located).

Little differentiated (divide and differentiate)

2. Зрелые

Mature (40-50 мкм)
(builders of a connective tissue)

3. Фиброкласты
Fibroclasts
(destructors of tissue)

4. Миофибробласты
Myofibroblasts (can shorten)
5. Фиброциты
Fibrocytes (final form)

Golgi
Complex
грЭПС
endoplasmic
reticulum

Labrocytes – basophilic granulocytes

Тучные клетки
Labrocytes
Адипоциты
Lipocytes
Дегрануляция
Degranulation
Сосуды
Vessels

Labrocytes:
consist of granules
with histamine, heparin etc.,
influence properties and
functions of a tissue,
adjust:
- permeability of vessels
and tissue,
- coagulability of blood,
- synthesis of fibres,
- participate in an allergy.

Макрофаги – гистиоциты

Macrophages - histiocytes

dense oval nucleus,
cytoplasm is foamy,
a lot of lysosomes and
small vacuoles (foamy).

Functions :
phagocytosis of
bacteria,
secretion of lysocim
and the enzymes
lyzing lost tissue,
clarification of an
organism from the lost structures,
clearing
endogenic
waters at splitting fats,
are A-cells in the immune answer,
secretion of cytocins.

клетки лимфоузлов
Макрофаги ретикулярной ткани
Перитониальные макрофаги
Гигантские клетки инородных тел
Остеокласты
Микроглия нервной

ткани
Клетки мезангиума почек
Клетки Лангерганса в эпидермисе

Mononuclear phagocytic system

Histiocytes
Alveolar lung macrophages
Stellate Kupffer’s cells of a liver
Reticular cells of lymphatic
node sinus
Macrophages of reticular tissue
Peritoneal macrophages
Gigantic cells of alien bodies
Osteoclasts
Microglia of nerve tissue
Renal mesangium cells
Langergans’s cells of epidermis