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Презентация на тему Module structure

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Module structureThe role of government & market failures The size of government L1 Public goods L2 Externalities L3Public choicePolitical economy L4Welfare and public policy Health insurance L8 Income redistribution L9 Social insurance & labor supply L10Taxation
LECTURE 11 Module structureThe role of government & market failures The size of government Growth of the public sectorBackground: Growth of public spendingDemand for public goodsRegulationsCostsDemand Public goodsEfficient provisionMarket provisionvs. Public goodsExperimental evidencePrivate contribution >0Private contribution declinesConditional cooperation ExternalitiesPrivate sector solution, DWL ExternalitiesPolicy?TaxationRegulation/ quotaSteep MSBFlat MSBExample: Global warming? What policy options exist, how efficient they are etc. VotingHow to aggregate individual preferences?Majority ruleCondorcet winnerCyclingMedian voter theoremSingle-peakednessImplicationsEfficiency of the Condorcet winner VotingPlurality votingRunoff votingSelect Condorcet winner?Increased popularity and defeatSelectCondorcet winner?Strategic votingBorda votingSelect Condorcet winner?Arrow impossibility theorem TaxationHow to finance the growing public sector? TaxationConsumptiontaxationTax incidenceRamsey ruleExcess burden TaxationIncome taxationSituation in ChinaTheoryEvidence TaxationIncome taxationLaffer curveHousing decisionsIncome tax vs. consumption taxInequality and growth Fiscal decentralizationDecentralization reforms in ChinaArguments for/against decentralization TieboutLocal preferencesCompetition ExperimentationEconomies of scaleEquity Fiscal decentralizationAssignmentsNo Fiscal autonomyShortfallsTransfers Health insuranceGrowth in health spendingPrivate sectorAdverse selectionEquity considerationsThe uninsuredPaternalism Health insuranceDesign of health insuranceMoral hazardCostsFlat-of-the-curve medicine Income redistribution & social insuranceSocial welfare functionInequality measurement and trendsLow social mobilitySocial spending: EU vs. USA Income redistribution & social insuranceImpact of SI Income redistribution & social insuranceSocial insurance programsTANFEITCUnemployment insuranceMoral hazardFlexicurity What we have learnedTheory + empirical evidence (with data)Contradiction between some theories Exam structure2-hour exam.Answer 2 essay questions from 5. Broad questions1 hour/Q Exam 2016Discuss the arguments for and against income redistribution, and explain the Do not reproduce prepared essays without regard to what the question asksBefore Good PracticeUse examples whenever possible to support argumentsDefine technical terms as you More Good PracticeLabel graph axes etc.Explain diagrams or figuresEquations/figures etc. that are Bullet Points Answers?Reproducing bullet points does not constitute a good answer, even Final ConsiderationsWhere contradictory arguments exist, it may be useful to indicate their
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 Module structure
The role of government & market failures

Module structureThe role of government & market failures The size of

The size of government L1
Public goods L2
Externalities

L3

Public choice


Political economy L4

Welfare and public policy

Health insurance L8
Income redistribution L9
Social insurance & labor supply L10

Taxation

Tax incidence, excess burden L5
Income tax L6
Fiscal decentralization L7


Слайд 3 Growth of the public sector
Background:
Growth of public

Growth of the public sectorBackground: Growth of public spendingDemand for public

spending
Demand for public goods
Regulations
Costs

Demand side
Supply side
Political reasons
Demand for

redistribution (inequality, fairness)
Ratchet effects
Fairness

Слайд 4 Public goods
Efficient provision
Market provision
vs.

Public goodsEfficient provisionMarket provisionvs.

Слайд 5 Public goods
Experimental evidence

Private contribution >0
Private contribution declines

Conditional cooperation

Public goodsExperimental evidencePrivate contribution >0Private contribution declinesConditional cooperation

Слайд 6 Externalities
Private sector solution, DWL

ExternalitiesPrivate sector solution, DWL

Слайд 7 Externalities
Policy?
Taxation
Regulation/ quota



Steep MSB
Flat MSB
Example: Global warming

? What policy

ExternalitiesPolicy?TaxationRegulation/ quotaSteep MSBFlat MSBExample: Global warming? What policy options exist, how efficient they are etc.

options exist, how efficient they are etc.


Слайд 9 Voting
How to aggregate individual preferences?
Majority rule

Condorcet winner
Cycling
Median voter

VotingHow to aggregate individual preferences?Majority ruleCondorcet winnerCyclingMedian voter theoremSingle-peakednessImplicationsEfficiency of the Condorcet winner

theorem
Single-peakedness
Implications
Efficiency of the Condorcet winner


Слайд 10 Voting
Plurality voting
Runoff voting


Select Condorcet winner?
Increased popularity and defeat
Select
Condorcet

VotingPlurality votingRunoff votingSelect Condorcet winner?Increased popularity and defeatSelectCondorcet winner?Strategic votingBorda votingSelect Condorcet winner?Arrow impossibility theorem

winner?
Strategic voting
Borda voting

Select Condorcet winner?
Arrow impossibility theorem


Слайд 11 Taxation
How to finance the growing public sector?

TaxationHow to finance the growing public sector?

Слайд 12 Taxation
Consumption
taxation
Tax incidence

Ramsey rule
Excess burden

TaxationConsumptiontaxationTax incidenceRamsey ruleExcess burden

Слайд 13 Taxation
Income taxation
Situation in China
Theory

Evidence

TaxationIncome taxationSituation in ChinaTheoryEvidence

Слайд 14 Taxation
Income taxation
Laffer curve

Housing decisions
Income tax vs. consumption tax
Inequality

TaxationIncome taxationLaffer curveHousing decisionsIncome tax vs. consumption taxInequality and growth

and growth


Слайд 15 Fiscal decentralization
Decentralization reforms in China
Arguments for/against decentralization

Tiebout
Local

Fiscal decentralizationDecentralization reforms in ChinaArguments for/against decentralization TieboutLocal preferencesCompetition ExperimentationEconomies of

preferences
Competition
Experimentation
Economies of scale
Equity / tax competition

Critical assessment
Decentralization and

economic growth

Incentive effects

Decentralization and inequality

Unequal tax base
Fiscal competition




Слайд 16 Fiscal decentralization
Assignments
No Fiscal autonomy
Shortfalls
Transfers


Fiscal decentralizationAssignmentsNo Fiscal autonomyShortfallsTransfers

Слайд 17 Health insurance
Growth in health spending
Private sector
Adverse selection
Equity considerations
The

Health insuranceGrowth in health spendingPrivate sectorAdverse selectionEquity considerationsThe uninsuredPaternalism

uninsured
Paternalism


Слайд 18 Health insurance
Design of health
insurance
Moral hazard
Costs
Flat-of-the-curve medicine

Health insuranceDesign of health insuranceMoral hazardCostsFlat-of-the-curve medicine

Слайд 19 Income redistribution & social insurance
Social welfare function
Inequality measurement

Income redistribution & social insuranceSocial welfare functionInequality measurement and trendsLow social mobilitySocial spending: EU vs. USA


and trends
Low social mobility
Social spending: EU vs.
USA


Слайд 20 Income redistribution & social insurance
Impact of SI

Income redistribution & social insuranceImpact of SI

Слайд 21 Income redistribution & social insurance
Social insurance
programs
TANF
EITC
Unemployment insurance

Moral

Income redistribution & social insuranceSocial insurance programsTANFEITCUnemployment insuranceMoral hazardFlexicurity

hazard
Flexicurity


Слайд 22 What we have learned
Theory + empirical evidence (with

What we have learnedTheory + empirical evidence (with data)Contradiction between some

data)
Contradiction between some theories and empirical evidence
Externalities
Public goods
Ramsey rule
Social

insurance and moral hazard
Implications for China

Слайд 23 Exam structure
2-hour exam.
Answer 2 essay questions from 5.

Exam structure2-hour exam.Answer 2 essay questions from 5. Broad questions1 hour/Q


Broad questions
1 hour/Q



Слайд 24 Exam 2016
Discuss the arguments for and against income

Exam 2016Discuss the arguments for and against income redistribution, and explain

redistribution, and explain the reasons for the differences in

redistribution policies between Europe and the United States.
Critically discuss the achievements and limitations of fiscal decentralization in China, and discuss how further reforms could improve the current fiscal decentralization system.
Critically discuss the statement that “voting can always consistently aggregate individual preferences”, and explain the limitations of the different voting rules.
 “Government intervention is required to efficiently provide public goods, and the underprovision of public goods by the private sector demonstrates that individuals are selfishly motivated.” Discuss this statement with reference to the theory and evidence.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public health insurance. Explain what factors may influence the design of public health insurance policies.

Слайд 25 Do not reproduce prepared essays without regard to

Do not reproduce prepared essays without regard to what the question

what the question asks
Before you answer…
Choose to answer only

those questions you fully understand

Your Answer…

The Main Body of argument should follow, with evidence, examples etc. used to support statements

Should have a clear structure

The Introduction should act as a signpost to the reader

A (brief) conclusion should end the essay


Слайд 26 Good Practice
Use examples whenever possible to support arguments
Define

Good PracticeUse examples whenever possible to support argumentsDefine technical terms as

technical terms as you introduce them, especially any such

terms that are specified in the question

Credit is usually given for examples and evidence that goes beyond lecture notes

Use equations, graphs, figures etc. where relevant


Слайд 27 More Good Practice
Label graph axes etc.
Explain diagrams or

More Good PracticeLabel graph axes etc.Explain diagrams or figuresEquations/figures etc. that

figures
Equations/figures etc. that are merely reproduced without comment do

not improve answers

There is no need to do a list of references


Слайд 28 Bullet Points Answers?
Reproducing bullet points does not constitute

Bullet Points Answers?Reproducing bullet points does not constitute a good answer,

a good answer, even if the points are relevant
Try

to write a coherent explanation

If you really run out of time on the last question, brief notes indicating how the answer should have developed may help.


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