Слайд 2
СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ :
Слайд 3
СПОСОБЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СТЕПЕНЕЙ
СРАВНЕНИЯ :
СПОСОБ
1
2 3
tall tall + er = taller the tall + est = tallest
strong stronger the strongest
Adj
Adj
Adj
+ er
the
+ est
Слайд 4
ОРФОГРАММЫ :
1.
+ er / est nice – niceer - the niceest
large - larger - the largest
+ er / est
I i
happy - happyer - the happyest
2.
heavy – heavier - the heaviest
+ er / est
3.
fat - fatter - the fattest
big – bigger – the biggest
NB! Буквы w, x – не удваиваются.
… e
… согласная y i
… согласная (ударная гласная) согласная Х 2
Слайд 5
СЛУЧАИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ
1 способа образования степеней сравнения
Односложные :
new – newer – the newest
Двусложные, оканчивающиеся на e, er, y, ow :
narrow – narrower – the narrowest
3. Трехсложные, оканчивающиеся на e :
polite – politer – the politest
4. Исключения :
common – commoner – the commonest
quiet – quieter – the quietest
NB!
Наречия, оканчивающиеся на – ly, образуют степени сравнения по второму способу, за исключением слова early.
Слайд 6
Степени сравнения прилагательных
Слайд 7
СПОСОБЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СТЕПЕНЕЙ
СРАВНЕНИЯ
СПОСОБ :
1
2 3
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
dangerous more dangerous the most dangerous
Adj
Adj
Adj
more
the most
Слайд 8
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_comparison.htm
as -
такой же … как
William Hogarth is as famous as sir Joshua Reynolds.
not so (as) as - не такой … как
Lilla Cabot Perry is not so popular as Pablo Picasso.
Adj
Adj
Слайд 10
Put the adjectives in brackets into the correct
form:
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjectives_comparison_as_as.htm
The weather is (fine) ____________ today than it was
yesterday.
2. London is one of the (big) _______________ city in the world.
3. This sentence is (difficult) ___________________ than the first one.
4. This dictation is not so (easy) ____________ as the last one.
5. Which is the (high) _______________ mountain in the world?
6. His face was getting (red) ____________ and (red) ____________ .
7. This present is the (good) __________________ of all.
8. Your composition was the (bad) ________________ in the class.
9. The cat will be much (happy) _______________ in her new home.
10. I am not so (tall ) _____________ as Jimmy.
11. Athens is (far) ___________ from London than Rome is.
Слайд 11
The adverbs and the adjectives in English
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_adverb.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_adverb2.htm
Adjectives tell us something about a person or a thing.
Mandy
is a careful driver. This sentence is about Mandy, the driver, so use the adjective.
Adverbs tell us in what way someone does something.
Mandy drives carefully. This sentence is about her way of driving, so use the adverb.
Слайд 12
Form
Adjective + -ly
Adjective
adverb
Dangerous dangerously
Careful carefully
Nice nicely
Horrible horribly
Easy easily
Слайд 13
If the adjective ends in -y, change -y to -i. Then add -ly:
happy –
happily
but:shy – shyly
Слайд 14
If the adjective ends in -le, the adverb ends
in -ly:
terrible – terribly
Слайд 15
If the adjective ends in -e, then add -ly:
safe – safely
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverb_form.htm
Слайд 16
Irregular forms:
Adjective
adverb
Good well
Fast fast
Hard hard
Слайд 17
Do not get confused with good/well.
Linda looks good. (What type of
person is she?)
Linda looks well. (How is Linda? – She may
have been ill, but now she is fit again.)
How are you? – I'm well, thank you.
One can assume that in the second/third sentence the adverb well is used, but this is wrong – well can be an adjective (meaning fit/healthy), or an adverb of the adjective good.
Слайд 18
Comparison with -er/-est
hard → harder → (the) hardest
We use -er/-est with the
following adverbs:
1.1. all adverbs with one syllable
Positive comparative
superlative
Fast faster fastest
High higher highest
1.2. the adverb early
Positive comparative superlative
Early earlier earliest
Слайд 19
Comparison with more – most
adverbs ending on -ly (except: early)
Positive
comparative superlative
Carefully
more carefully (the) most carefully
good (Well) – better – the best
This house is good.
This house is better
than that.
This house is the best of the three.
Слайд 21
Bad(badly) – worse – the worst
The first house
is … .
The second house is … than the
first one.
The third house is … of the three.
Слайд 22
little – less – the least
There is little
light in this room.
There is less light in this
room.
There is the least light in this room.
Слайд 23
many , much - more - the most
There are many apples on the plate.
There are more
apples in the basket.
There are the most apples in the box.
Слайд 24
far – farther – the farthest
further - the furthest
This church is far.
This church
is even farther.
This church is the farthest of all.
NB! Read further, please!
Слайд 25
old – older – the oldest
elder - the eldest (in the family)
This
portrait is old.
This is my elder sister.
This portrait is even older.
This portrait is the oldest.
Слайд 26
3. Irregular adverbs
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverb_comparison.htm
Irregular adverbs
Positive
comparative
superlative
Well better best
Badly worse worst
Much more most
Little less least
Far farther farthest
Further furthest
Слайд 27
The position of adverbs in sentences
There are
three main positions but also a lot of exceptions.
In
English we never put an adverb between the verb and the object.
correct: → We often play handball.
incorrect: → We play often handball.
Слайд 28
The three main positions of adverbs in English
sentences
1. Adverb at the beginning of a sentence
Unfortunately, we
could not see Mount Snowdon.
2. Adverb in the middle of a sentence
The children often ride their bikes.
3. Adverb at the end of a sentence
Andy reads a comic every afternoon.
Слайд 29
More than one adverb at the end of
a sentence
If there are more adverbs at the end
of a sentence, the word order is normally:
Manner(как) – Place(где) – Time(когда)
Peter sang the song happily in the bathroom yesterday evening.
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverbs_of_frequency.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverbs_of_frequency1.htm
Слайд 31
Слова too и enough являются наречиями меры и степени в английском языке
(отвечают на вопросы сколько? насколько?), и переводятся следующим образом:
too –
слишком (excessively), очень, крайне (very);
enough – достаточно.
Слайд 32
Употребление наречия too
Наречие too работает совместно с прилагательными и наречиями. Его место в
предложении – перед упомянутыми частями речи. Рассмотрим это на
примерах:
It’s too cold for swimming. – Слишком холодно, чтобы купаться. (с прилагательным)
I’m too busy to talk to you now. – Я слишком занят, чтобы сейчас разговаривать с тобой. (с прилагательным)
He’s too lazy to work. – Он очень ленив, чтобы работать. (с прилагательным)
Слайд 33
Часто употребление too можно увидеть с наречиями этой же группы
(меры и степени) – many / much и little. В первом случае сочетание too
many /too much будет переводиться как «слишком много», а во втором too little – «слишком мало». Например:
Mother objects to his smoking too much. — Мама возражает против того, чтобы он так много курил.
I can’t discuss the problem. I know too little about it. – Я не могу обсуждать эту проблему. Я слишком мало знаю о ней.
Слайд 34
Употребление наречия enough
Наречие enough употребляется не только с прилагательными и наречиями,
но и с существительными. Обратите внимание, что enough мы ставим перед существительным,
но после прилагательного и наречия.
Are you warm enough? – Вы не замерзли? (после прилагательного)
Try this jacket on and see if it’s big enough for you. – Примерь эту куртку и посмотри, достаточно ли велика она тебе. (после прилагательного)
You know well enough. – Вы прекрасно знаете. (после наречия)
Слайд 35
Кстати, вариант наречия enough с отрицательной частицей not будет иметь противоположное значение
«не достаточно, не слишком». Например:
You are not walking fast
enough. – Ты идешь недостаточно быстро.
Слайд 36
Напоследок остался случай, который относится к употреблению too / enough одновременно. После
двух этих наречий можно использовать словосочетание for someone / something — для кого-либо,
для чего-либо.
I haven’t got enough money for you/for this tour. – У меня недостаточно денег для тебя/для этого путешествия.
Слайд 37
Form
too + adjective/adverb
too much/many + noun
too much/many +
of + pronoun/determiner
adjective/adverb + enough
enough + noun
enough + of
+ pronoun/determiner
Meaning