Презентация на тему Comparative study of metaphor and metonymy

Examples of metonymy
Differences between metaphor and metonymy

Greek  metaphorá , which means ― «to carry over»,

«to transfer». As this name implies, metaphor transfers meaning from one object to another so that the second object can be understood in a new way.

Metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two unrelated subjects without the use of connecting words like “like” or “as.” 

Basically speaking, metaphor is describing one thing in terms of some other. These things have similarities as well as difference. The most significant difference is that the two belong to different domains.

is made between two unlike things that actually have

something in common, for example “he is a lion in battle”

A metaphor is an expression. This expression shows the similarity between two things on some aspects. 

Metaphor, literally, means “this for that.” Or, replacing this word for that word. 

More definitions of metaphor

the encyclopedia‖ and Gold mine‖ are totally different but

they have similarity in a certain aspect

The encyclopedia is a dictionary.
In this sentence, the encyclopedia‖ and dictionary belong to the same category. It is not a metaphor

my life. This example is indicative of the fact

that the person being referred to is someone who has brought a big change into someone's life for the better, and is therefore being called an angel.
My gym is a prison. This could probably refer to the fact that once in the gym, it is difficult to get out without exercising properly, which is ensured by the trainers there (who may be referred to as jailers or wardens).
He is a snake in the grass. This is common metaphor that refers to someone who is not visibly bad or dangerous, but has eventually turned traitor. He is therefore a snake in the grass, not easily visible and that bites without warning.
I do not follow the herd; I carve my own path. Yet another common metaphor used in everyday speech, the herd is symbolic of the common path most people take in life in terms of their career, relationship, or any other aspect.

of my life 
It's raining men 
Time is a thief 
Bubbly personality 
Feel

blue
My brother was boiling mad. 
The assignment was a breeze.
It is going to be clear skies from now on. 
The skies of his future began to darken. 
Her voice is music to his ears.
He is a tiger in class”
Candle in the wind 
mouse(animal)> mouse (pointing device for computers)
grasp 'seize" > grasp 'understand,

the name of a thing with the name of

something else with which it is closely associated. We can come across examples of metonymy both from literature and in everyday life
To make things simpler, a metonymy replaces words that are closely associated with the original word.
In ancient Greek, ‘meta’ means change while ‘onoma’ refers to name.

more profound meanings to otherwise common ideas and objects
to achieve

conciseness
to add a poetic color to words to make them come to life
in literature as well as in everyday life.

place of business executive.
She works with a newspaper
Dallas won yesterday's game.
No

one is sure what Moscow's response will be
( the association between an organization (an abstract concept), such as a sports team or a government, and its base location. While we can refer to the organization directly using its name, we often find it convenient to use the name of the location to refer to the organization)

understand this book at all.

Another conceptual relation that permits metonymy is

that between a document and the content of the document. Thus the word book refers to a physical object: a collection of sheets with printing or pictures on them that is bound together. But we can also use the word to refer to the informational content of the physical book.
In the first example, the speaker is clearly referring to the physical object, in the second example to the information contained in the physical object. In a case like this, metonymic extension allows a noun referring to a physical object to refer to something more abstract.

person
The White House - in place of the President

or others who work there
The suits - in place of business people
Dish - for an entire plate of
The restaurant - to refer to the staff
Ears - for giving attention ("Lend me your ears!" from Mark Antony in Julius Caesar)
Eyes - for sight
The library - for the staff or the books
The name of a country - used in place of the government, economy, etc
The name of a church - used in place of its individual members
The name of a sports team - used in place of its individual members
 wheels to mean 'car'
 brain to mean 'intelligent person‘
the Crown to mean the king; king’s are known to wear crowns
England decides to keep check on immigration. (England refers to the government.)
The pen is mightier than the sword. (pen represents the written word, and sword represents physical fighting.)
The Oval Office was busy in work. (“The Oval Office” is a metonymy as it stands for people at work in the office.)
Let me give you a hand. (Hand means help.)

from the crown until we make any further decisions.
The White House will be

announcing the decision around noon today.
If we do not fill out the forms properly, the suits will be after us shortly.
She's planning to serve the dish early in the evening.
The cup is quite tasty.
The Pentagon will be revealing the decision later on in the morning.
The restaurant has been acting quite rude lately.
Learn how to use your eyes properly!
The library has been very helpful to the students this morning.
That individual is quite the silver fox.
Can you please give me a hand carrying this box up the stairs?
The United States will be delivering the new product to us very soon.
Saint Thomas will be coming to the soup kitchen to help out next Sunday after Mass.
The Yankees have been throwing the ball really well, and they have been hitting better than they have been in the past few seasons.
Read more at http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-metonymy.html#mVc4p4MIZIX7JPQi.99

(This commonly used phrase is a great example of

metonymy. It refers to a whole as a part, as in fact, it is the person herself who is a great listener of others' woes.)

The blueberry pie wants to see the chef. This is what you will commonly hear in restaurants, as waiters and waitresses refer to their customers by their orders, providing yet another great example of metonymy
Fox News has always maintained... Here Fox News is used is a collective term for its team members.

for substitution, while metonymy is used for association.
Metaphor can

mean condensation and metonymy can mean displacement.
A metonymy acts by combining ideas while metaphor acts by suppressing ideas.
In a metaphor, the comparison is based on the similarities, while in metonymy the comparison is based on contiguity.