Презентация на тему Comparative analysis of Kazakh, Russian and English verb and aspect forms

ОСШ №21» с ДМЦ «Сравнительный анализ казахских ,английских и

русских временных и аспектных форм»     Научная работа шамиевой алинур и тохтиева фаруха посвящена интересной проблеме сопоставительного изучения глагольных форм в агнлийском, русском и казахском языках. В начале работы приведена краткая характеристика системы глагольных форм английского языка, параллельно даются соответствия из казахского и русского языка, отмечаются отдельные особенности и отсутствие / наличие соотносительных сравниваемых форм. Последующая часть работы представляет собой сравнительный анализ грамматической системы казахского , Русского и английского языков, анализируемый материал четко расположен в удобной форме таблице (всего 11 таблиц, где приведены сравнения временнфх форм, форм глагола, наклонения и т. д.). Работа в целом выполнена на хорошем уровне, для анализа привлечен интересных материал. Явно видно стремление авторов работы разобраться в сложных вопросах формообразования в других языках и показать особенности этого явления в каждом из сравниваемых языков. Работа бы значительно выиграла, если бы анализу был подвергнут больший фактический1 материал и были сделаны четкие последовательные выводы о результатах сопоставления.

ABSTRACT   On the research «Comparative analysis of Kazakh, Russian and English verb and aspect forms» performed by tokhtiev farukh and shamieva alinur , supervisor Akmullayeva Alyanur English teacher. Section: Linguistics. While working on this research the students used specific skills needed in reading Different materials in Kazakh , Russian and English: -classification of materials under study; - classifying and outlining the material; - drawing conclusions; - making comparisons; - organizing the material under study; - summarizing and generalization; In this research special attention and effort was made to provide worthwhile information for students of all levels, so that any students by using the practical result of this research would be able to become a self-learner, to challenge his ability and attain a higher level of linguistic competence in both languages, Kazakh, Russian and English. We hope that this research is a matter of importance for Kazakh and learners of English and for this reason we intend to continue the research.

Абстракт Зерттеу мақсаты: Жастар заманауи сөйлеу мәдениеті болып саналатын, қазақ және орыс тіліндердегі етісттіктермен ағылшын тіліндері етісттіктермен салыстыра отыра, қатынас құралы ретінде білуі – қазіргі заманғы жас ұрпақтың ең басты міндеті екенін дәлелдеу. Зерттеу кезеңдері: Ағылшын тіліндегі қажетті әдебиеттермен танысу Ақпараттар жинау Тілдің және сөздік ерекшеліктеріне арналған теориялық әдебиеттерді оқып,зерттеу. Әр нүсқаның өзіндік айырмашылықтарын анықтау. Зерттеу әдістері: Іздену Жинақтау Салыстыру Нәтижесі және қорытындысы Шет тілді үйрену үшін қазақ және ағылшын тілдің етісттіктердың өзіндік жекелей ерекшеліктерін білу қажет. Ғылымы жаңалығы екі түрлі тілдік ортаға жататын екі тілді салыстыру. Практикалық қолдану аясы: Мәдени зерттеу аумағында,пән мұғалімдерімен ағылшын тілін тереңдетіп оқытуда.

АННОТАЦИЯ На исследовании на тему «Сравнительный анализ казахских, русских и английских временных и аспектных форм» в исполнении тохтиева фаруха абдулахатовича и шамиевой алинур рамильевны, учителем английского языка Акмуллаевой Алянур Махмутовны. Раздел: Лингвистика. Во время работы над этим исследованием ученики используют специфические навыки, необходимые при чтении различных материалов на казахском, русском и английском языках: -Классификация материалов при исследовании; - Классификация и изложение материала; - Выводы; - Сравнение решений; - Организация материала при изучении; - Подведение итогов и обобщение; В этом исследовании было уделено особое внимание и усилие для тог, чтобы обеспечить достойную информацию для учеников всех уровней, так что бы любой ученик, используя практический результат этого исследования, смог бы стать самостоятельным учащимся, чтобы бросить вызов своим способностям и достичь более высокого уровня лингвистической компетенции в трёх языках : русском, казахском и английском .   Мы надеемся, что это исследование является важным вопросом для казахстанских учащихся, изучающих английский язык, и по этой причине мы намерены продолжать исследования.

Major characteristics of Kazakh russian and english languages.

3. The verb. 4. Negative form. 5. Mood. 6. Passive voice. 7. Bibliography. 8. Tables.

importance of learning English language, for it is a

world language. The importance of knowing the native language is even more important. That is why I have chosen this theme for my research. It is easier to learn a second language when you compare it with your native language. The actuality of my research consists in the fact, that many students it national schools have difficulties in learning English, because almost all English grammar text- books are written in Russian. I hope that this research will be of practical value to Kazakh students learning English as a foreign language. Comparison of likenesses and differences between the grammatical categories of two languages was used, pointing out the peculiarities and exceptions exisiting in both languages. A large amount of material was analyzed and generalized, considered from of grammar. The research is provided by different points of view, the common features were selected by covering key areas extensive demonstrative tables to make the learning process more successful.

Major characteristics of the Kazakh,

Russian and English languages. The Kazakh languages. The Kazakh language belong to the family of Turkic languages. Together with the Mongolian and Manchu - Tungus languages. They form a distinctive language group known as the Altaic languages. Some scholars add Japanese and Korean to this language group. The Turkic languages are divided into Southern, Western, Eastern, Central and Northern sub - groups. To the Southern sub - groups belongs Turkish, Turkmen and Azer Uzbek and Uighur constitute major languages of the Eastern sub - group. The Northern sub - group includes Yakut and Altay. Kazakh, together with Kirghiz, Karakalpak and Nogai, forms Central sub - group. The English language. The English language belongs to the Indo-European family and Western sub – group Of German languages. The English language started about 1500 years ago in England. There were only a few thousand words in Old English. It had a lot more endings than modern English. There are now over a million words in English. The first primer was ancient Runa, but it was pushed by Latin primer. The Oxford dictionary has over 650 000 different words in it. The average user knows between 30 000 and 60 000 words. The bulk of English words originally come from Latin. In the very near future 1 in 4 of the world's population will be able to speak English. You are one of tnem.

RUSSIAN LANGUAGE BELONGS TO THE

EAST SLAVIC SUBGROUP OF THE SLAVIC GROUP OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY OF LANGUAGES. IT IS THE LANGUAGE OF THE RUSSIAN NATION AND THE MEANS OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION OF MANY PEOPLES LIVING IN RUSSIA. ALSO, THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IS ONE OF THE SIX OFFICIAL AND WORKING LANGUAGES ​​OF THE UN. WITH THE ENLARGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE HAS BECOME THE FOURTH MOST SPOKEN FOREIGN LANGUAGE AMONG EU CITIZENS.

THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGES

IN KAZAKH VERB IS A MIXTURE OF SIMPLICITY

COMPLEXITY: SIMPLE IN THAT THERE ARE NOT A LOT OF ENDINGS, AND THAT FORMATIONS ARE QUITE TRANSPARENT (I,E,THE PARTS ARE EVIDENT), BUT COMPLEX IN THAT THERE ARE MANY MORPHEMES OF FIXED MEANING AND SEQUENCE. AT FIRST THE STUDENTS WILL BE ANALYTICAL AND CONCENTRATE ON DISCOVERING THE NORMATIVE ELEMENTS; LATER TO MASTER THE LANGUAGE THEY CAN BECOME CREATIVE AND AGGLUTINATIVE FREELY
FOR EXAMPLE: БАРУ, КЕЛУ, ІСТЕУ.
RUSSIAN VERB IN ONE OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE, DESCRIBING THE ACTION. IN TODAY'S RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE ELEMENTARY (DICTIONARY) IS THE INFINITIVE FORM OF THE VERB, WHICH IS CALLED THE INFINITIVE FORM (THE OLD TERMINOLOGY - VAGUE INCLINATION) OF THE VERB. IT IS FORMED WITH THE SUFFIXES -ТЬ (AFTER THE ROOTS ARE OFTEN ON CONSONANTS -ТИ (SUCH AS "ИДТИ"), WITH ROOTS IN THE Г AND К FUSED, GIVING -ЧЬ).
FOR EXAMPLE: ИДТИ, ПРИЙТИ, ДЕЛАТЬ.
THE DICTIONARIES GIVE THE VERB IN THE INITIAL FORM WHICH IS CONSIDERED TO BE A DEVERBAL NOUN BUT IT CORRESPONDS TO THE ENGLISH INFINITIVE FORM
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES OF TENSE, MOOD, VOICE NUMBER AND PERSON ARE EXPRESSED THROUGH DIFFERENT SUFFIXES WHICH ARE ADDED TO THE ROOT WHICH IS OBTAINED THROUGH DROPPING THE ENDING - Y OF THE INITIAL FORM.
THE ROOT OF THE VERB CORRESPONDS TO THE FAMILIAR FORM OF IMPERATIVE MOOD; ALL OTHER FORMS REQUIRE SUFFIXES OR ENDINGS.
FOR EXAMPLE: WRITE (POLITE FORM), I WRITE I SHALL WRITE, I WROTE, I HAVE WRITTEN, I WAS WRITTEN
I AM GOING TO WRITE.

PARADIGM PF THE VERB.
THE BASIC

FORMS OF THE VERB ARE: INFINITIVE (TO SPEAK), THE PAST SIMPLE (SPOKE) AND PARTICIPLE 2 (SPOKEN). THE VERB IS DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS ACCORDING TO THE WAY IN WHICH INFINITIVE, PAST SIMPLE AND PARTICIPLE 2 ARE FORMED:
A) REGULAR VERBS. THEY ARE FORMED BY ADDING -ED OR -D.
TO WANT - WANTED
TO LIVE – LIVED
B) IRREGULAR VERBS. HERE BELONG THE FOLLOWING GROUPS OF VERBS;
-VERBS WHICH CHANGE THEIR ROOT VOWEL
TO SING- SANG- SUNG
-VERBS WHICH CHANGE THEIR ROOT VOWEL AND ADD -EN
TO SPEAK -SPOKE -SPOKEN
-VERBS WHICH CHANGE THEIR FINAL -D INTO -T
TO SEND -SENT -SENT
-VERBS WHICH HAVE THE SAME FORM FOR THE INFINITIVE, PAST SIMPLE AND
PARTICIPLE 2
TO PUT -PUT -PUT
TO CUT -CUT -CUT
-DEFECTIVE VERB
CAN -COULD
MAY –MIGHT
C) MIXED VERBS. THEIR PAST SIMPLE IS OF THE REGULAR TYPE, AND THEIR
PARTICIPLE 2 IS OF THE IRREGULAR TYPE
TO SHOW -SHOWED -SHOWN
TO SOW -SOWED -SHOWN

characterisitcs depending on its lexical meaning. Accordingly

verbs and divided into: a) Terminative verbs denote an action implying a certain limit beyond which it can't go: to come, to bring, to give, etc. b) Non -terminative verbs denote a certain action which doesn't imply any limit: to love, to be, to work, to hope, etc. c) Verbs of double lexical character have a terminative meaning and non -terminative meaning; to see, to hear, to write, to read, to translate, etc. Also a verb can be: a) Transitive verbs can take a direct object; to take, to give, to send, to show, etc. b) Intransitive verbs can not take a direct object: to stand, to sleep, to laugh, to think, etc.

NEGATIVE FORM

THE NEGATIVE FORM OF THE VERB IN KAZAKH IS FORMED BY ADDING THE SUFFIXES -МА/МЕ, -БА/БЕ, -ПА/ПЕ TO THE ROOT OF THE VERB.
FOR EXAMPLE:
БАРМА
ЖАЗБА
АЙТПА
IN ENGLISH WITH THE HELP OF "AUXILIARY VERBS + NOT"
FOR EXAMPLE:
DON'T GO
DON'T WRITE
DON'T SAY
THE NEGATIVE FORM OF THE VERB IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IS FORMED BY PARTICLES «НЕ»
FOR EXAMPLE:
НЕ ИДИ
НЕ ПИШИ
НЕ ГОВОРИ

THAT THE ACTION OR STATE EXPRESSED BY THE VERB

IS PRESENTED AS A FACT .
FOR EXAMPLE : I WILL STAY AT HOME.
IT CORRESPONDENTS TO АШЫҚ РАЙ AND TO ҚАЛАУ РАЙ IN KAZAKH.
IN KAZAKH INDICATIVE MOOD IS MAKED BY:
1 ADDING -ҒЫ,-ГІ,-ҚЫ,-КІ SUFFIXES TO THE VERB ADDING AUXILIARY КЕЛ.
FOR EXAMPLE: МЕНІҢ БАР+ҒЫ+М КЕЛ+ДІ.
2 ADDING -CA,-CE SUFFIXES AND AUXILIARY ИГІ ЕДІ.
FOR EXAMPLE: МЕН АЛ+СА+М ИГІ ЕДІ.
3 ADDING -ҒАЙ,-ГЕЙ,-ҚАЙ,-КЕЙ SUFFIXES.
FOR EXAMPLE: МЕН БАР+ҒАЙ+МЫН (USED SELDOM).
IN RUSSIAN THE VERB INDICATIVE MOOD INDICATE ACTIONS THAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED, IS HAPPENING OR WILL HAPPEN: WRITE, WRITING, I WILL WRITE. IMPERFECTIVE VERBS HAVE THREE FORMS OF TIME: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE. PERFECTIVE VERBS HAVE TWO FORMS OF TIME PAST AND FUTURE.
THE FORMS OF THE PAST TENSE VARY IN NUMBERS
FOR EXAMPLE:ЛЕТЕЛ- ЛЕТЕЛИ.
AND ONLY SINGULAR FORM HAS A GENDER
FOR EXAMPLE: КИВНУЛ, КИВНУЛА, КИВНУЛО

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD SHOWS THAT THE ACTION EXPRESSED BY VERB IS PRESENTED AS NON-FACT, AS SOMETHING IMAGINARY OR DESIRED. THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IS ALSO USED TO EXPRESS AN EMOTIONAL ATTITUDE OF THE SPEAKER TO REAL FACTS. IT CORRESPONDENTS TO «ШАРТТЫ РАЙ» IN KAZAKH AND «СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ» IN RUSSIAN.

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD HAS THREE TYPES:
1 TYPE. UNLIKELY OR UNREAL CONDITION. CONSEQUENT AND CONDITION ARE REGARDED TO THE PAST AND PRESENT TENSES.
IF+PAST TENSE, WOULD+INFINITIVE
IF THREES DIDN'T MAKE OXYGEN, WE WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO LIVE. THERE ARE STABLE PHRASES WHERE "WHERE" IS USED INSTEAD OF "WAS".
2 TYPE. FRUSTRATED CONDITION. CONSEQUENT AND CONDITION ARE REGARDED TO THE PAST TENSE.
IF+PAST PERFECT, WOULD+PERFECT INFINITIVE
IF WE HAD CLEARED THIS FOREST MANY ANIMALS WOULD HAVE DIED.
3 TYPE OR MIXED TYPE. FRUSTRATED CONDITION. CONSEQUENT AND CONDITION ARE REGARDED TO: FIRST PART TO THE PAST, SECOND PART TO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE TENSES.
IF+PAST TENSE, WOULD+PERFECT INFINITIVE
IF I DIDN'T KNOW ENGLISH, I WOULD HAVE ASKED YOU TO TRANSLATE FOR ME YESTERDAY.
4 TYPE.
IF+PAST PERFECT, WOULD+INFINITIVE.
IF YOU HADN'T STAYED LAST NIGHT, YOU WOULD NOT BE SO TIRED NOW.

IS MAKE BY ADDING -CA, -CE SUFFIXES. ALSO IT'S

DIVIDED INTO THREE TYPES:
1.IN THE FIRST FORM SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IS MAKE BY ADDING -CA/-CE + М IN SINGULAR, AND -CA/-CE + Қ/К IN PLURAL FORM. IN THE SECOND FORM BY ADDING -CA/-CE + Ң IN SINGULAR AND -CA/-CE + ҢДАР/ҢДЕР IN PLURAL, -CA/-CE + ҢЫЗ/ҢІЗ IN SINGULAR POLITE AND -CA/-CE ҢЫЗДАР/ҢІЗДЕР IN POLITE PLURAL FORMS.
2. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IS MAKE BY ADDING ДА,ДЕ,ТА,ТЕ CONJUNCTION. FOR EXAMPLE: СЕН АЙТПАСАҢ ДА,МЕН ОНЫ БІЛІП ОТЫРМЫН.
3. SUBJUNACTIVE MOOD IS MAKED BY ADDING -ШЫ/-ШІ SUFFIXES. FOR EXAMPLE: ОНЫҢ АТЫН СҰРАСАҢ + ШЫ.

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TO A SITUATION DOES NOT EXIST IN THE REAL WORLD. IN PARTICULAR, IT MAY BE:
CONTRFACTLY: НА ТВОЕМ МЕСТЕ Я БЫ ТАК НЕ ПОСТУПИЛ
HYPOTHETICAL: Я ИЩУ ЧЕЛОВЕКА, КОТОРЫЙ БЫ МЕНЯ ПОНЯЛ
DESIRE/UNDESIRED: ТОЛЬКО БЫ ОНИ НЕ ЗАМЕТИЛИ
THE PORTABLE USAGES SUBJUNCTIVE MAY ALSO HAVE A PRAGMATIC FUNCTION: MITIGATION REPORTED INTENTIONS OF THE SPEAKER Я БЫ ПОПРОСИЛ ВАС ОБ ЭТОМ НЕ ГОВОРИТЬ
A REDUCTION IN CATEGORICAL ASSERTION: Я БЫ НАЗВАЛ ЭТО ПРЕДАТЕЛЬСТВОМ.
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IS EXPRESSED ANALYTICALLY BY THE PARTICLE «БЫ, Б» FOR PROPER SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD ATTRIBUTED TO A COMBINATION OF PARTICLES «БЫ, Б» THE FORMS OF THE PAST TENSE OF THE VERB, INCLUDING WITHIN THE . BY IMPROPERLY SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD ATTRIBUTED TO A COMBINATION OF PARTICLES «БЫ,Б».

PASSIVE VOICE IS FORMED BY MEANS OF AUXILIARY VERB

TO BE IN THE REQUIRED FORM AND PARTICIPLE 2 OF THE NOTIONAL VERB. PASSIVE HAS EIGHT TENSES:
1 PRESENT SIMPLE (AM,IS,ARE) + V3, VED
2 PAST SIMPLE (WAS, WERE) + V3, VED
3 FUTURE SIMPLE (SHALL BE, WILL BE) + V3, VED
4 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (AM,IS,ARE) + BEING + V3, VED
5 PAST PROGRESSIVE (WAS, WERE) + BEING + V3, VED
6 PRESENT PERFECT (HAVE, HAS) + BEEN + V3, VED
7 PAST PERFECT HAD + BEEN + V3, VED
8 FUTURE PERFECT (SHALL,WILL) + HAVE + BEEN V3, VED
IN KAZAKH PASSIVE VOICE CORRESPONDENTS TO ЫРЫҚСЫЗ ЕТІС AND MAKED BY ADDING -ЫЛ,-ІЛ,-Л -ЫН,-ІН,-Н SUFFIXES
THE FORM OF THE PASSIVE VOICE IS FORMED FROM TRANSITIVE VERBS BY ACCEDING TO THE FORMANT -СЯ:
FOR EXAMPLE:  
СТРОИТЬ – СТРОИТЬСЯ,
ПОДПИСЫВАТЬ – ПОДПИСЫВАТЬСЯ,
СОСТАВЛЯТЬ – СОСТАВЛЯТЬСЯ
SUCH FORMS ARE USED, USUALLY IN THE 3RD PERSON SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORM.

Of the Kazakh and English

grammatical systems

Table № 2
Infinitive
Тұйық етістіктің жасалу жолдары

Table № 3
Negative form of the verb

The Verb Transitive Intransitive To take, to give to stand up, to sleep To invite, to love to think, to swim To see, to show to laugh, to lie   Table № 5 Regular Irregular Mixed to want-wanted to sing-sung-sung to show-showed-shown to open-opened to begin-began-begun to sow-sowed-sown to expect-expected   Table № 6 Terminative Non-terminative Verb of double Lexical character lexical character To bring to love,to live to see, to hear To come to be, to have to translate To find to hope, to respect to write

Table № 7
Present tense and Future tense
Осы шақ және Келер шақ

Table № 8
Past Tense
Өткен шақ

Table № 9

Passive voice
Ырықсыз етіс

Table № 10

Table №

11
Mood
Рай