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Презентация на тему Республика Саха к дополнительному занятию по английскому языку Добро пожаловать в Республику Саха 5 класс
Содержание
- 2. Republic Sakha(Yakutia)The Republic Sakha is the biggest
- 4. Geographical position Yakutia is located in
- 5. Borders: in the south – with the
- 6. EnvironmentOver 40% of the territory of the
- 8. Economic advantages and disadvantagesEntrails of the Republic
- 10. The main drawbacks - peripheral economic and
- 11. YsyakhYsyakh-summer holiday. It is a spring-summer festival
- 13. CelebrationYakut Ysyakh - the most important holiday
- 14. History ysyakhResearchers believe that the ancestral home
- 15. The first written evidence of Western scholars
- 16. During the celebrations, symbolizing the beginning of
- 18. osuokhayThe universal symbol of unity of people
- 19. This dance is continuously lasted until the
- 21. Yakut knifeYakut knife - kind of knife
- 22. Variations knife and propertiesArchaeological excavations carried out
- 23. BladeYakut knife blade pointed, has a blade
- 24. Knives vary along the length of the
- 25. As the blade width differ tundra -
- 26. Many questions from different researchers is the
- 27. LeverThe knife handle is traditionally made from
- 28. After gluing birch bark harvesting is dried
- 29. Carrying and UseThe knife is usually worn
- 30. In Soviet times, the manufacture and wearing
- 31. MastersWhen considering the Yakut knife phenomenon must
- 32. HISTORY
- 33. Prehistoric and pre-Russian periodThe archaeologists found that
- 34. Early - syalahskaya Culture (6,2-5,3 thousand years
- 35. Since the middle of I millennium BC.
- 36. It is assumed that the Turkic-speaking tribes
- 37. Distribution of cattle introduced significant changes in
- 38. Yakutia in the Russian stateIn the first
- 39. In 1632, on the right bank of
- 40. In the XVIII century there was a
- 41. Yakutia in the Soviet eraApril 27, 1922
- 42. In this regard, in 1930 it began
- 43. In the 1950s, with the discovery of
- 44. There has been also a cultural construction
- 45. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)A new stage
- 46. In 2009, at the request of the
- 47. PopulationThe population of the republic, according to
- 48. People from Siberia 466 492, 478 085 of the Russian people
- 49. Symbols of the Republic
- 52. Скачать презентацию
- 53. Похожие презентации
Republic Sakha(Yakutia)The Republic Sakha is the biggest republic of Russia. The area is 3 million square kilometers. It is less than inhabitants than 1 million. There is a lot of natural resources. Capital of the republic
Слайд 4
Geographical position
Yakutia is located in the
north of Eastern Siberia in basins of the Lena,
Yana, Indigirka Rivers and in lower reaches of the Kolyma River. Extent of the territory of Yakutia from the North to the south about 2000 km, from the West to the east — 2100 km. Includes New Siberian Archipelago.Слайд 5 Borders: in the south – with the Amur
region, in the southeast – with Khabarovsk Krai and
the Magadan region, in the east – with Chukotka Autonomous Area, in the north – with Dolgan-Nenets and Evenki autonomous areas, in the southwest — with the Irkutsk region. In the north the republic is washed by the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea.
Слайд 6
Environment
Over 40% of the territory of the Republic
of Sakha are behind the Polar circle. Its most
part is occupied by low mountain systems and plateaus. In the republic about 0,5 million rivers which belong to the basin of the Arctic Ocean. The largest rivers: Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka. Over 700 thousand lakes. Soils – merzlotno-taiga. About 80% of the territory of the Republic of Sakha are the share of a taiga zone. The woods occupy 138 million hectares. Among trees the daursky larch (about 89%) prevails.
Слайд 8
Economic advantages and disadvantages
Entrails of the Republic of
Sakha rich in mineral resources: diamonds (kimberlite pipes of
the Siberian Platform), gold (placer in the basin Indigirka, Yana, in ranges Kular and South Verkhoyansk), coal (Lenski, South Yakutia, Zyriansky basins), natural gas (Ust Vilyui, Soboh-Insko, Bodaranskoe and other fields), ferrous, nonferrous and rare metals, tin. Potential reserves of hydropower resources in excess of 70 GW, the republic to the first place in Russia.Слайд 10 The main drawbacks - peripheral economic and geographical
position, harsh climatic conditions, remote areas, the dependence of
the economy and the lives of people in many parts of the republic on the outside fuel and food. Of great importance in terms of socio-economic development of the country given the project of integrated development of South Yakutia.
Слайд 11
Ysyakh
Ysyakh-summer holiday. It is a spring-summer festival in
honor aiyy deities and the rebirth of nature, accompanied
by ritual prayers, abundant refreshments and kumysopitiem, dances, folk games, horse races , competition strong and dexterous.
Слайд 13
Celebration
Yakut Ysyakh - the most important holiday in
Yakutia. Ysyakh word literally translates as "abundance", associated with
the cult of the sun gods, the religious cult of fertility. Traditionally Ysyakh celebrated the summer solstice - on 21 June. In fact it is the Yakut New Year.Before the war Ysyakh performed as expected on June 22 - the summer solstice. After the war, on the moral and ethical reasons (Ysyakh date coincided with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of June 22, 1941) became Ysyakh held between 10 June and 25 June, according to the ulus, schedule holidays, local preferences, and so on. Etc. .
Слайд 14
History ysyakh
Researchers believe that the ancestral home of
the summer holiday are kumysnyh steppes of Central Asia.
Yakut holiday elements have similarities with the summer holidays of the Turkic nations. Tuvan, Altai, Tatars, Bashkirs and others have Yakuts preserved an ancient tradition, characteristic of pastoral peoples - to divide the year into two halves, and the Ysyakh was a kind of boundary between old and new, past and future.Слайд 15 The first written evidence of Western scholars can
be found in the diaries of the Dutch traveler
I. Ples, a passing through Siberia to China at the end of the XVII century. He noted that this holiday is coping with great solemnity: Yakuts bonfires and support them throughout the holiday.Слайд 16 During the celebrations, symbolizing the beginning of summer,
and the awakening of nature, here taken to remember
their ancestors and their customs. Ethnographer Ekaterina Romanova believes that the Yakut similar celebration not just an excuse to have fun. "In Yakutia, a very long winter, - she says. - And the only opportunity to meet all the born -. It is here "
Слайд 18
osuokhay
The universal symbol of unity of people dance
osuokhay meaning circle of life. During his dancing, moving
at a leisurely pace in the direction of movement of the sun, as it were, make a circle in time and space, and paid tribute to the luminary of light and heat, donated by the people. At present the dance master (olonkhosut), whose responsibilities include the performance of songs dedicated to the environmental reality and erecting what is happening around the praise.Слайд 19 This dance is continuously lasted until the morning,
sometimes large clans organized osuokhay for three days and
nights. Of course, participants are changing, it is believed that anyone who enters the circle, is charged with energy for the whole year. The culmination of the festival - the rite of sprinkling fire, grass and trees traditional drink made from mare's milk - mare's milk. The ritual symbolizes the birth of the universe and man.
Слайд 21
Yakut knife
Yakut knife - kind of knife used
by indigenous people of Yakutia. It is one of
the most famous objects of Yakutia culture, as well as khomus, diamonds and more.
Слайд 22
Variations knife and properties
Archaeological excavations carried out on
the territory of modern Yakutia show that knives samples
extracted from various burial grounds and ancient human sites are undoubted similarities with Yakut knives.There are many regional variations Yakut knife, but the classic version is a knife blade length from 110 to 170 mm, fitted on a wooden handle made of birch burl with a leather sheath.
Слайд 23
Blade
Yakut knife blade pointed, has a blade on
one side and a straight (or nearly straight) butt.
A special feature is the asymmetrical Yakut knife sharpening blade - marked the first explorers More Yakut life. On one side of the flat blade has a proportion (when viewed from the butt - the right side of the blade). The opposite (left) side of the blade curved. This is done so that when the knife blade not "bury" the material. It is in this context, for righties and lefties Knives differ. For left-handed knives are made from mirror-inverted asymmetry of the blade.
Слайд 24
Knives vary along the length of the blade:
from
80 to 110 mm - a small knife (byhychcha)
- usually done for children or women,from 110 to 170 mm - a knife (byhah) - the most common form,
170 mm - large knife (hotohon) - virtually weapons of war, and therefore rarely done
Слайд 25 As the blade width differ tundra - which
has a narrow blade and taiga or alas -
wider blade. The Tundra knife is mainly used for cutting or drilling, and in the forest for cutting production and livestock or the woodwork - this explains the difference between the width of the blade.Traditionally working Yakut knife has a blade made of relatively soft steel. Mild steel is dictated by practical considerations - so that the knife can be sharpened in the field of river gravel or other material. In recent years, a proliferation of Yakut knives with blades made of special steel, or of Damascus (Damascus) steel.
Слайд 26
Many questions from different researchers is the origin
of the dale on the blade. There are different
versions from the fact that the USD is needed for Krovostoka that is a tribute to tradition, when the knives were made of bones that dollars need to stiffen the blade, that the presence of Dole - the result especially forging an asymmetric blade and dol need to reduce the weight of the blade to knife drowning and so on. Undoubtedly only one: Yakut knife must have USD on the right side of the blade.
Слайд 27
Lever
The knife handle is traditionally made from birch
burl, impregnated with a special oil. The handle of
the knife in the section resembles an egg, "sharp" end directed towards the blade, and is devoid of any kind was thrusts, Guard, etc. -. Easy straight handle. Its length of 130-150 mm, which is longer than the width of the man's hand. The long handle is explained not only by considerations of convenience, but also the fact that the knife does not sink in water. Besides birch burl are used as pieces of birch bark, which are superimposed on each other (can be worn directly on the blade shank) and between the layers are coated with adhesive.Слайд 28 After gluing birch bark harvesting is dried under
pressure, and then from it made the hilt. Knives
with handle of ivory, plastic, etc. Are souvenirs and are not used in everyday life.
Слайд 29
Carrying and Use
The knife is usually worn on
the free suspension on the left side - the
left edge. Free suspension is necessary in order not to interfere with the movement of the wearer. When equipped with the knife left a comfortable pull out a knife with his right hand, the base of the sheath upёrshis thumb.Слайд 30 In Soviet times, the manufacture and wearing Yakut
knife prosecuted, although in fairness it should be noted
that the proceedings were largely formal. Nowadays, production, sale, the possession of the Yakut knife regulated by a special act of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), according to which the Yakut knife declared an integral part of the culture of the Sakha people, and in the country is allowed to use it in everyday economic life.Yakut knife is widely used in everyday household and everyday life of the inhabitants of Yakutia: hunting, fishing, food, cooking, woodwork and others.
Слайд 31
Masters
When considering the Yakut knife phenomenon must be
considered one of its features. This is a real
knife used in everyday life the inhabitants of Yakutia. Throughout Yakutia there are few families in which there is at least one of the Yakut knife. This means that the blade mass produced largely in makeshift conditions, in a rural or forges workshops. Each Yakut village has its own local master (and often masters) who made their own versions of the knives. This circumstance is related variability knife from village to village and from master to master.
Слайд 33
Prehistoric and pre-Russian period
The archaeologists found that the
ancient people populated Yakutia in the early Paleolithic. By
this time the first archaeological sites dating back to within 300 thousand to 10 thousand. Years ago. The most well-known and well-studied of these is the Paleolithic parking Bunge Toll-1885 Jansky parking and parking Deering Yuryakh diringskoy culture, which is located in the middle reaches of the Lena River.Mesolithic presented Sumnagin archaeological culture (10,5-6,2 thousand years BC).
The Neolithic is divided into three stages:
Слайд 34
Early - syalahskaya Culture (6,2-5,3 thousand years BC)
Middle
- Belkachi Culture (5,3-4,5 thousand years BC)
Late - Ymiyakhtakh
Culture (4,5-3,5 thousand years BC)Слайд 35 Since the middle of I millennium BC. e.
in Yakutia were the ancestors of the Evens and
Evenki. By the XIII century. Tungusic tribes settled in the Middle Lena, Vilyue, Olekma. The arrival of the ancestors of the Yakuts in the Lena region forced them to move to the west and east of the Lena River.Слайд 36 It is assumed that the Turkic-speaking tribes migrated
to the territory of modern Yakutia in several waves,
the last of which falls on the XIV-XV centuries. Yakuts as a nation formed in the basin of the Middle Lena. It was the final formation of the people on the basis of mixing alien Turkic-speaking tribes with local Paleo-Asiatic genera, as well as newcomers horintsy Mongol and Tungus.Слайд 37 Distribution of cattle introduced significant changes in the
economic life of the region. The ancestors of the
Yakuts brought in handicraft production region (blacksmithing, jewelry, pottery, etc.), The construction of permanent housing type. By the beginning of the XVII century Yakut clans lived in the basins of the Indigirka and Yana, pushing into the Arctic regions of Yakutia culture of breeding cattle and horse breeding.
Слайд 38
Yakutia in the Russian state
In the first quarter
of the XVII century Cossack explorers reached the shores
of the Lena River. Based Russian winter quarters and forts:. Yakutsk, Zhigansk, Verkhoyansk, Zashiversk, Srednekolymsk etc. become outposts of the Russian advance in the north-east Asia and then to the north-west of America.Слайд 39 In 1632, on the right bank of the
Lena was laid Yakut jail, marked the beginning of
the future city of Yakutsk. Ostrog laid Petr Beketov. This date is considered the date of entry of Yakutia in the Russian state. In 1638 the county was formed Yakut, later transformed to the Yakut province (1775), and the Yakutsk region (1784) East Siberian governor-general.Слайд 40 In the XVIII century there was a mass
Christianization of the indigenous inhabitants of the region. With
the activities of the Orthodox clergy associated development of public education and enlightenment of the peoples of Yakutia, the emergence of literature in national languages, the deepening of the processes of interethnic interactions.A separate chapter in the history of Yakutia is a link. Link started even with the 1640s. Since the XIX century Yakut link for the most part it becomes political. In exile in Yakutia visited Decembrists, members of the Polish uprising of 1863, the Narodniks, the Socialist-Revolutionaries, the Social Democrats.
Слайд 41
Yakutia in the Soviet era
April 27, 1922 was
formed Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Yakut ASSR) within
the RSFSR.This is a political decision to give legal and constitutional basis for the formation of statehood in the framework of the creation of a new state - the autonomous republic of the USSR.
Yakutia Soviet period of history associated with large-scale industrial development of its natural resources, which began with the development in the 1920s Aldan gold fields.
Слайд 42 In this regard, in 1930 it began the
exploitation of the Northern Sea Route, in the mouth
of the Lena River was built seaport of Tiksi; shipping and air routes taken out of the transport isolation previously inaccessible areas of the country.
Слайд 43
In the 1950s, with the discovery of diamond
deposits powerful diamond mining industry began to develop infrastructure
in the west of the country. In 1970 - the development of the South Yakut territorial and production complex (see South Yakutia coal basin.). Also in the post-war years - the development of gold mining in Ust-Maya and Oimyakon areas of tin mining in the parliamentary, coal Tomponsky, Verkhnekolymsk and Kobyayskiy areas. Development of oil and gas potential of the Lena-Vilyuiskaya Province, natural gas, gasification of the republic. And much more. At the beginning of 80-ies of the XX century, Yakut ASSR considered industrial-agrarian republic with high prospects of further development of the industry in the country.Слайд 44 There has been also a cultural construction -
the development of a national Yakut literature, culture and
the cultures of other peoples living in the republic - Russian, Evenki, Evens, Yukaghir, and others.
Слайд 45
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
A new stage in
the history of Yakutia began September 27, 1990, when
the Declaration of State Sovereignty was declared. On this day, the Supreme Council of the Yakut ASSR announced the transformation of autonomy to the Yakut-Sakha Soviet Socialist Republic within the RSFSR.In October 1991, it was established by the president of the republic. The first president in December 1991 became Mikhail Nikolayev. Republic its name to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was changed in the same year.
Слайд 46
In 2009, at the request of the Constitutional
Court of the Russian position on the sovereignty of
Yakutia were largely excluded from the Constitution of the Republic of Sakha).
Слайд 47
Population
The population of the republic, according to the
State Statistics Committee of Russia is 959 875 people.
(2016). Population density - 0.31 persons / km2 (2016).. It is one of the lowest in the Russian Federation. Urban population - 65.08% (2015).Everything and the urban population (its share), according to the All-Union and All-Russian census.
