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A distinctive feature of the Renaissance - the
secular nature of the culture, its humanism and anthropocentrism.
Blooming interest in ancient culture, it is as if the "rebirth" - and there was a term.
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Renaissance is divided into 4 stages:
Protorenessans(2nd half of
the XIII century-XIV century)
2. Early Renaissance (beginning of XV
- the end of the XV century)
3. High Renaissance (end XV - the first 20 years of the XVI century)
4. Late Renaissance (mid XVI - 90 years of the XVI century)
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Protorenessans
Protorenessans closely associated with the Middle Ages, the
Byzantine, Romanesque and Gothic traditions of this period was
the forerunner of the Renaissance. It is divided into two sub-periods: before the death of Giotto di Bondone and after (1337). The most important discovery, the brightest masters live and work in the first period. The second part is related to the epidemic of plague that struck Italy.
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First of all art protorenessansa manifested in sculpture
(Nicolo and Giovanni Pisano, Arnolfo di Cambio, Andrea Pisano).
Painting is represented by two artistic schools: Florence (Cimabue, Giotto) and Siena (Duccio, Simone Martini). The central figure of the painting became Giotto.
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The period of so-called "Early Renaissance" covers a
time in Italy from 1420 to 1500. During these
eighty years the art has not completely renounces the traditions of the recent past, but try to mix them elements borrowed from classical antiquity.
Early Renaissance
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High Renaissance
The third period of the Renaissance -
the time of the magnificent development of his style
- called "High Renaissance". It extends approximately in Italy from 1500 to 1527. At this time, the center of the influence of Italian art from Florence moved to Rome, thanks to the accession to the papal throne Julius II - human ambitious, daring, adventurous, privlёkshego to his court the best Italian artists, who held their numerous and important works and give a different example of love to art .
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Late Renaissance
Later Renaissance in Italy covers the period
from the 1530s on the 1590-1620-ies. this time, the
Arts and Culture in its diverse manifestations. In Southern Europe triumphed Counter-Reformation, which cautiously looking at any free, including the human body, and the chanting of the resurrection of the ideals of antiquity as the cornerstones of the Renaissance ideology.
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Philosophers of the Renaissance
• Nicholas of Cusa
•
Leonardo Bruni
• Marsilio Ficino
•Galileo Galilei
• Nicolaus
Copernicus
• Giordano Bruno
• Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
• Lorenzo Valla
• Giannozzo Manetti
• Pietro Pomponazzi
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Literature
The true ancestor of the Renaissance in literature
is considered to be the Italian poet Dante Alighieri
(1265-1321), which revealed the true nature of the people of that time in his work titled "Comedy", which will later be called the "Divine Comedy."
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art
For the painting of the Renaissance is characterized
by a professional look to the nature of the
artist's appeal to the laws of anatomy, life perspective, the action of light and other natural phenomena identical.
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Architecture
The main thing is the characteristic feature of
this era - back to the architecture of the
principles and forms of ancient, mostly Roman art. Of particular importance in this regard is attached to the symmetry, proportion, geometry and order of the components, what clearly indicate surviving examples of Roman architecture.
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Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) - the founder of Renaissance
architecture, developed the theory of perspective and an order
system, returned to the building practice many elements of ancient architecture, created the first time in many centuries Dome (Florence Cathedral), still dominant in the panorama of Florence.