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The UK is situated on the British Isles,
north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean
and the North sea.
Where is the UK?
The official name of
the UK is the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".
Great Britain
Northern Ireland
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
If you look at the full name of the
UK,
you will see that the UK includes Scotland, England, Northern Ireland and Wales
People in the UK are called British although they have different nationalities
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What have I done for you,
England, my England?
What
is there I would not do,
England, my own?
With your
glorious eyes austere,
As the Lord were walking near,
Whispering terrible things and dear
As the Song on your bugles blown,
England—
Round the world on your bugles blown!
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There are always a lot of people and
pigeons on the square.
Every winter there is a big
Christmas tree which is a gift from Norway in the middle of the square.
On New Year’s Eve people gather around the tree.
In the middle of the square there is Admiral Nelson’s Column.
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Trafalgar Square is the popular place for political
rallies and meetings. The Admiral Lord Nelson’s statue surveys
the memorial to his great naval victory in 1805. The Admiral’s statue looks towards the House of Parliament. To the other side of the column are fountains.
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This is the Queen’s home.
It was built
in 1703.
There is a great collection of paintings
Buckingham
Palace is the best known royal palace in the world. It was build in 1703. When Her Majesty the Queen is in the residence, the Royal Standard flutters over the east front. The palace is open to public in August and September.
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The Queen of Great Britain
The Queen of Great
Britain is Elizabeth II. Her husband is Duke of
Edinburgh.
They have got 4 grown-up children: Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward.
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This is a holy place.
All English kings have
been crowned and buried in the church since 1308.
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It was built between 1895 and 1903.
This is
the seat of the Cardinal Archbishop and the leading
Roman Catholic Church in England.
Its bell tower is 84 metres high.
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Houses of Parliament stands on the River Thames
at Westminster. It begun in 1840 after a Great
Fire of London. It is officially known as the Palace of Westminster. The complex includes the House of Commons, the House of Lords, Westminster Hall, and the 320 foot high Clock Tower. It contains the world famous sight Big Ben.
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This big palace is the most famous building
in the world – the British Parliament.
The building is
280 metres long.
There are more than 1000 rooms.
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Big Ben, the big clock tower, is the
symbol of London. It strikes hours
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The Tower of London
The Tower has been part
of the capital’s history for the past 900 years.
The fortress first built by William the Conqueror as a citadel, royal palace, seat of the government. The Tower now protects the Crown Jewels.
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The Tower of London has been a fortress,
a palace, an arsenal, a mint, a prison, an
observatory, a zoo, the home of the Crown Jewels and a tourist attraction.
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The Tower’s greatest treasure is the Imperial State
Crown.
There are 2 800 diamonds on it.
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The quards of the Tower are called Beefeaters.
The
legend says that if the ravens leave, the Tower
and the country will fall.
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The most famous
bridge in London
is a Tower bridge.
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Tower Bridge is a bascule-bridge.
The bascules will
open to let ships pass through.
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St Paul’s Cathedral is the spiritual centre of
the City. It was first built in 1666. The
present building is the fifth cathedral to built built on the site. The architect of the baroque-style building was Sir Christopher Wren. St Paul’s Cathedral `is a fitting final place for many of the nation’s heroes.
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St.Paul’s Cathedral is a famous building too.
Prince Charles
and Princess Diana married here in 1981.
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There are big red buses called double-deckers in
London.
People sit upstairs and downstairs on these buses.
Tourists like them very much.
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Taxis in London are old-fashioned black cars.
Taxis
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From here you can call your friends.
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Thames flows through London.
The River Thames is 338
km long.
It is 245 m wide here.
Even big seaships
can visit London.
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Piccadilly
Piccadilly is the centre of entertainment. It is
the meeting point of six streets. Here you can
find the most expensive shops, restaurants and entertainment places. This centre was created in 1980s.
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Number one leisure activity
The British, in the words
of Napoleon, is 'a nation of shopkeepers‘. They are
also a country of compulsive shoppers. They love to shop! It is their number one leisure activity and accounts for around 37% of all money spent in England.
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The main shopping street in many towns is
called the High Street, where you should head for
if you want to go shopping.
A few small shops are owned by local people. Most are owned by national 'chains' of stores. This makes many town centres look the same.
Some towns also have street markets where fresh food and cheap goods can be bought
. Away from the town centre, small 'corner' shops provide groceries to local customers.
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High Street – the main shopping street in
every city and town
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Time to go shopping
Peak shopping days are Saturdays
and Sundays.
Shops are generally open on Bank Holidays.
Bank
Holidays are a great time to shop as there are many sales on especially around Easter and Christmas.
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Shopping Hours
In England, most retail shops are generally
open 6 or 7 days a week.
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Typical opening times are:
Mondays - Saturdays 9 am
to 5:30 pm
Some shopping centres stay open until 8
pm or later.
Sunday – 10 am to 4 pm (or 11 am to 5 pm)
Sunday shopping has become popular in recent years and most large shops in towns are open for business. Shops are only allowed to trade for 6 hours on Sundays.
Large supermarkets are open for 24 hours except for Sundays.
Many supermarkets and superstores otherwise open from 8am until 10pm from Mondays to Saturdays and 10 am to 4 pm (or 11 am to 5pm) on Sundays.
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Public Holidays / Bank Holidays
On public holidays some
shops open and some shops do not. As a
general rule banks will be closed, most supermarkets and large stores will be open (although with reduced Sunday opening hours), and in larger towns many shops will open.
Bank Holiday Shop opening times 10am to 4pm (or 11am to 5pm)
Over the Christmas and New Year period, all shops are closed on Christmas Day (December 25) and a some shops are closed on New Year's Day (January 1). However, an increasing number of shops are now opening on Boxing Day (December 26), which is when many start their 'New Year' sales.
It is likely that most shopping centres will be closed on Easter Sunday and there will be reduced shopping hours on Easter Monday (often from either 10 or 11 o'clock in the morning).
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In Villages
Some rural shops still follow the tradition
of an early closing day (usually Wednesday) when the
shops close at 1.00pm.
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Banking Hours
The major high street banks in England
and Wales are Lloyds, Barclays, Midland and National Westminster
(Nat West). In Scotland they are the Bank of Scotland, the Royal Bank of Scotland and the Clydesdale Bank.
Generally Monday-Friday 9:30 am-3:30 pm. Some branches stay open until 5:30 pm, and a few are open Saturday morning.
Most banks will have an ATM (Automated Teller Machine) outside the bank where you can draw out money with a credit or cash card. Many of these are available to use 24 hours a day, but some do still close for a few hours during the night.
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Bluewater is the largest out of town shopping
development in Europe, located in a disused chalk pit
at Dartford in Kent. With more than 300 shops and parking for 13,000 cars, it attracts around 30 million visitors each year.
Open: Monday to Friday: 10am – 9pm
Saturday: 9am – 8pm
Sunday: 11am – 5pm
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Shopping in London
London has over 40,000 shops and
26 major street markets to choose from.
Oxford Street (Nearest
Tube: Oxford Circus)
Oxford Street, London's busiest shopping street, is in the heart of the city's West End. It is the place for buying souvenirs, clothes, and so on.
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When you will be in London,
at night
you will go in night clubs
Bubble
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New Year’s Day
the beginning of the new year.
People make resolutions.
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Saint Valentine’s Day
February 14
Was started in the
time of Roman Empire.
Is dedicated to St. Valentine.
People send
a card to someone they love, like, fancy or admire.
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The Boat Race
In March
A rowing race between
the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
On the river Thames
in London (7,2 km).
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Pancake Day
In March
The last day before Lent.
Pancake
race-running while holding a pancake in a frying pan.
Competitors have to throw it in the air and catch it again in the pan.
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Good Friday
The Friday before Easter.
The church marks the
death of Christ.
British usually eat hot-cross buns, which are
marked on top with cross.
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Easter
In April.
The celebration of the Resurrection of Christ
Schools
are closed for two weeks.
People give each other chocolate
eggs that are wrapped in silver paper.
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The London Marathon
One of the biggest marathons in
the world.
Each year about 30,000 people start the race
and about 25,000 finish.
Raise money for charity.
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May Day
May 1
A pagan festival to celebrate the
end of winter and welcome summer.
Children dance around the
maypole and sing songs.
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Chelsea Flower Show
In May
Britain’s most important flower and
garden show.
Thousands of people come to see the prize
flowers and specially built gardens.
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Midsummer Day
June 24
Summer solstice.
People stay up until midnight
to welcome in midsummer day.
When the fires die
down, men run or jump through it to bring good luck.
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Trooping The Colour
The second Saturday in June.
Celebrates the
Queen’s official birthday.
Lots of marching, military music and the
soldiers are dressed in colourful uniforms.
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Saint Swithin’s Day
July 15
Saint Swithin was England’s Bishop
of Winchester.
40 days of bad weather will follow if
it rains on this day.
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Wimbledon
The last week of July and the first
week of June.
At Wimbledon in South-West London.
One of the
four great world tennis championships and the only one which is played on grass.
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Notting Hill Carnival
The last weekend in August.
Takes place
in Notting Hill.
People dress up in fabulous costumes.
Steel bands
play African and Caribbean music.
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Harvest Festivals
In September.
A Christian festival.
It was held to
say thank you to God for a good harvest.
Churches
are decorated with fruit, vegetables and flowers.
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Halloween
October 31
A pagan festival celebrates the return of
the souls that visit their former houses.
People dress up
as witches, ghosts etc.
Houses are decorated with pumpkins.
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Guy Fawke’s Night
November 5
He was a terrorist.
The day
marks the discovery of a plot to blow up
Parliament in 1605.
People make models of him and burn them on big bonfires.
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Christmas Day
December 25
Religious ceremony commemorating the birth of
Christ.
Children wake up early to find presents in their
stockings.
Traditional Christmas tree and dinner.
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New Year’s Eve
December 31
Traditionally Scottish celebration.
At midnight everybody
joins hands and sings Auld Lang Syne.
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So what is so great
about Britain, that
people want to
live here?
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Good for Work
low unemployment rate (under 5%)
a typical
work week of 35 hours
generous leave, maternity
and
paternity benefits
12 public holidays
good salaries
reasonable taxes.
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Social and Cultural
it is a multi-cultural society
most people are tolerant
the crime rate is
low
lively theatre, music, art
it has beautiful scenery
fascinating historical sites & buildings.