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Books written especially for children are called children’s
literature. Children's literature includes stories, fairy tales, fables, poems,
and novels. It also includes nonfiction (factual) works on history, science, and other subjects.
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Children's literature can come in the form of
picture books or chapter books. Picture books usually have
a smaller amount of text, or words, and pictures on every page. They are written for younger readers.
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Chapter books have few or no pictures and
much more text, which is divided into sections called
chapters. Chapter books are written for older children
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Many countries give good children's books special attention
through awards and prizes. In the United States the
two most important prizes for children's literature are the Newbery Medal and the Caldecott Medal.
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The best-known international award is the Hans Christian
Andersen Award. Another important international award is the Astrid
Lindgren Memorial Award.
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Until a few hundred years ago, few books
were written for children at all. The first literature
especially for children was published in Europe in the 1600s.
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Most of this early writing was not meant
to entertain children. Its purpose was to teach children
lessons.
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1700s
Many of the books read by children during
the 1700s were books written for adults. These were
adventurous stories with interesting characters. For example, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) tells the story of a man who is shipwrecked on a deserted island. Another such book was Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726). It is about the adventures of a traveler in strange lands.
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John Newbery in London, England, published the first
edition of the well-known Mother Goose rhymes in the
1760s. A version of Newbery's book was first published in the United States in about 1785. Since then, generations of children have learned the traditional rhymes, such as Little Miss Muffett.
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1800s
By the 1800s children's books were becoming an
important kind of literature. Authors began making their stories
more interesting and imaginative.
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Many children's books from the 1800s were collections
of fairy tales and folktales. These stories of magical
creatures, animals that talk, and imaginary places have always fascinated children.
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Some children's books from the 1800s are still
very popular today. Many children still enjoy Lewis Carroll’s
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, which was published in England in 1865.
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Two German brothers,Wilhelm and Jakob Grimm, published a
collection of old German fairy tales in 1812. The
collection is commonly called Grimm's Fairy Tales. It features stories about such characters as Snow White and Cinderella.
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In the late 1800s Sazanami Iwaya of Japan
wrote Japanese Fairy Tales, a collection of old stories.
In 1896 K. Langloh Parker retold the folktales of the Aborigines (the native people of Australia) in Australian Legendary Tales. A collection of Latin American folktales appeared at about the same time in Brazil. It was called Contos da Carochinha.
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1900s and Today
The 1900s saw an explosion in
the number of children's books being published.
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People in many countries continued to collect and
publish folktales so that the stories could be shared
with children in other parts of the world.
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In Great Britain and the United States much
children's literature of this time focused on interesting characters
in fantastic worlds.
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The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) by L.
Frank Baum, Winnie-the-Pooh (1926) by A.A. Milne, and Charlotte's
Web (1952) by E.B. White are good examples.
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The playful poetry, funny characters, and fanciful drawings
of the many books by Dr. Seuss also fit
in this category. He published The Cat in the Hat in 1957.
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Other children's literature of the 1900s showed realistic
characters facing the difficulties of growing up. Lucy Maud
Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables (1908), Katherine Paterson's Bridge to Terabithia (1977), and the novels of Judy Blume are examples.