Презентация на тему Native Americans

lasting from 30,000 to 10,000 years ago, an undersea

ridge between Siberia and Alaska emerges from the sea. Known as the Bering Land Bridge, it lies partly south of the ice cap.
Gradually, in many separate incursions, the hunter-gatherers of the Siberian steppes pursue their prey across the land bridge and into America. When the melting ice submerges the bridge, about 10,000 years ago, these northeast Asians become isolated as the aboriginal Americans.

HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS

coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico. Dating from

around 1200 BC, it is the achievement of the Olmec people. Their culture is contemporary with Mycenae and the Trojan War.

These two first American civilizations, in Mexico and Peru, set a pattern which will last for more than 2000 years

Archaeology provides evidence of these various cultures, but the only ones known about in any great detail are those surviving when the Spaniards arrive - to marvel and destroy. These are the very ancient Maya, and the relatively upstart dominant cultures of the time, the Aztecs and the Incas.

The first American civilizations:

the only known fully developed written language of the

pre-Columbian Americas, as well as its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems.

central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl

language.

Capac, who carried a golden staff called the ‘tapac-yauri’.

The Inca were instructed to create a Temple of the Sun in the spot where the staff sank into the earth, to honor their celestial father.

disaster for the original inhabitants of the American continent.

The chief agent of their downfall is disease. With no resistance to new germs, tribes rapidly succumb to unfamiliar illnesses on their first brief contact with Europeans .

the new arrivals, they are frequently tricked, tormented and

massacred by their visitors.

ruthless - their possession of guns,

their Christian cause.

of conflict and adjustment between Old and New World

societies. Most of the written historical record about Native Americans was made by Europeans after initial contact. Native Americans lived in hunter/farmer subsistence societies with significantly different value systems than those of the European colonists. The differences in culture between the Native Americans and Europeans, and the shifting alliances among different nations of each culture, led to great misunderstandings and long-lasting cultural conflicts.

established the United States of America, the ideology of

Manifest destiny became integral to the American nationalist movement.

Henry Knox conceived of the idea of "civilizing" Native

Americans in preparation of American citizenship. Assimilation became a consistent policy through American administrations. In the 1830s, most Native Americans of the American Deep South were removed west of the Mississippi River from their homelands to accommodate European-American expansion from the United States. Some groups remained, with descendants living in Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee.

took place in the form of "Indian Wars," which

were frequent up until the 1890s.

the American Indians suffer the long-term effects of the

treatment suffered in previous generations. They become increasingly impoverished. Their numbers fall.

the century, beginning with the Indian Reorganization Act of

1934 which restores tribal ownership of land in the reservations.

American Indian Movement, founded in 1968, is a part),

combined with an increased awareness of past injustices, ensures that the plight of the American Indians is now very much on the political agenda. And the Indians themselves are more confident in pressing their case, with a keen awareness of the emotive potential of their past history.

1973

and survives a ten-week siege by the authorities.