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The Russian Federation
is the largest country in the world. It occupies
about one-seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometers.
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The country is washed by 12 seas of
3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic.
In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Byelorussia, the Ukraine. It also has a sea-borders with the USA.
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We have very beautiful
scenery: steppes in the south, plains and forests in
the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.
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There are two great plains
in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West
Siberian Lowland.
There are several mountains chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia.
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There are over two million rivers
in Russia. Europe's biggest river, the Volga, flows into
the Caspian Sea.
The main Siberian rivers- the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena- flow from the south to the north. The Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean.
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Russia is rich in beautiful lakes.
The world's deepest lake is Lake Baikal.
It is much smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea.
The water in the lake is so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom.
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Russia has one-sixth of the world's
forests. They are concentrated in the European north of
the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.
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On the vast territory of the
country there are various types of climate, from arctic
in the north to subtropical in the south.
In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental.
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Russia is very rich in oil,
iron, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.
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Russia is a parliamentary republic. The
Head of State is the President. The legislative powers
are exercised by the Duma.
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The capital of Russia is Moscow.
It is its largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial
centre. It's one of the oldest Russian cities.
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Firstly, about Russian people. To
my mind, the main traits of their characters which
differ them from other people are hospitality, their «open heart», «golden hands», wise Russian fairytales reflect this wisdom.
Our people are hardworking, patient, never loosing hope for better life.
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The Russians are the talented
nation. Russia gave the world wonderful names of A.Pushkin
and M.Lermontov, P.Tchaikovsky and I.Repin, thousands of names of world famous poets, writers, composers, scientists.
I. Levitan – a famous Russian artist
P. Tchaikovsky – a composer
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All of them are the pride
of the nation because they send the beauty of
our nature and people.
Y. Gagarin –
the first Russian
cosmonaut
D. Mendeleev – a famous
scientist
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Besides these great names in
literature and music, our country is famous for Russian
traditional specific crafts, its skilled craftsmen. Painted boxes of Palekh, colored shawls of Pavlov Posad, clay toys of Dymkovo, laces of Vologda are known all over the world.
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The names of Gzhel
and Khokhloma are considered to be the symbols of
Russia as well as matryoshkas and samovar.
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The history of Khokhloma goes
back into the 17th century. Producing of tableware-dishes, spoons,
mugs was begun at that time on the banks of the great Russian river Volga. The prevailing colours are black, yellow, golden, green and red.
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And nowadays this craft is sure
to be saved, it will be developed and brought
into the future by the new generation of painters.
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There are many national holidays
in Russia, when people all over the country do
not work have special celebrations. The major holidays are: New Year's Day, Women's Day, May Day, Victory Day and Independence Day.