Презентация на тему ST.PAUL’S CATHEDRAL

AND INTERESTING FACTS

St Paul's
Cathedral; Cathedral
Church of St. Paul
Location: London,

England
Faith: Christianity (Anglican)
Dedication: St. Paul
Category: Cathedrals
Architecture: English
Baroque
Date: 1675-1710
Architect: Christopher
Wren (1632-1723)
Status: active

Visitor Information
Address: Ludgate Hill EC4, The City, London, England
Coordinates: 51.513737° N, 0.098276° W  
Phone: 020-7236 4128
Website: www.stpauls.co.uk
Public transport:
Tube: St. Paul's or Mansion House Bus: 6, 8, 11, 15, 22, 23, 25, 76
Opening hours:
Cathedral: Mon-Sat: 9:30am-3:45pm Gallery: Mon-Sat 9:30am-4:15pm Crypt: Mon-Sat 8:45am-4:15pm
Cost: £10 admission; free on Sundays
Services: 11am Sundays

pieces of architecture in Europe. It is located on

Ludgate Hill in the financial district known as the City of London.

and a place for many state ceremonies. The Cathedral is

also the burial place of many important persons who are commemorated with beautiful monuments.

between 1675 and 1710, is the
fifth cathedral to

occupy the site, which was sacred (священный, святой) even
before Christianity arrived.
The first cathedral was built by the Saxons in wood in 604 AD. It burned down in
675 and was rebuilt, again in wood, ten years later.

In 962 it was destroyed by the Vikings and the "third" St Paul’s was built, this time in stone. Following a fire the church was rebuilt again by the Normans in 1087.
The work took over two hundred years and a great deal was lost again in a fire in 1136.

Old St Paul's prior to 1561, with intact (неповрежденный )spire (шпиль) .

Europe and had one of Europe's tallest spires.

In 1561 the spire was destroyed by lightning(молния) and it was not replaced.
"Old St Paul's" was ruined in the Great Fire of London in 1666.

St. Paul's-The final design by Wren.

to prepare a plan for reconstructing the lost church.

The first stone of the new cathedral was placed on 21 June 1675, and the last in 1708, when Wren himself was 76. However the first service (служба ) was held in 1697.

Great North Door.
Did you know?
The Cathedral is built of

Portland stone in a late Renaissance to Baroque style.

in the world. The Cathedral is enormous. It is

175 m long and its impressive dome (купол ) rises111 m (365 feet - one foot for each day of the year) and is about
32 m (112 feet) in diameter.
Did you know?
The dome is one of the largest cathedral domes in the world after St. Peter’s in Rome and weighs about 65,000 tons.

Christopher Wren is the greatest English architect of his

time. He designed 53 London churches, including St. Paul’s Cathedral. Among his works are the Greenwich Observatory and Greenwich Hospital, Hampton Court Palace and Kensington Palace, the Sheldonian Theater in Oxford and the Library in Trinity College in Cambridge.
Did you know?
Wren was also Professor of Mathematics, an astronomer, a member of the Royal Society and its president(1680-82).

and completed it only in 1710. The cathedral had

been built in 35 years under one architect and Wren was the first to be buried there with great ceremony when he died in 1723 at the age of 91. His grave (могила ) is very simple and covered by a marble stone. There is no monument on it, just an inscription (надпись) that says:”Reader, if you seek a monument, just look around”.

Wren's Great Model

Did you know?
Christopher Wren suggested three plans, but only the third, known as the Warrant Design was given royal approval in 1675.

is laid out (заложен) in the shape of a

cross. The longer end of the main arm of the cross is called the nave (неф-центральная часть церкви) ; the two ends of the shorter arm are called the transepts (трансепт- поперечный неф).
At the "top" of the cross is the choir (клирос, место хора) and the altar (алтарь).
The crypt (склеп) is in a basement underneath the cathedral.

The West Porch (крыльцо) is the main entrance to

St. Paul's.
A large stairway (лестница, лестничный марш; ряд ступеней) leads up to six sets of double columns and the Great West Door which is used only on ceremonial occasions such as the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana in 1981.

statue of Queen Anne, the last of the Stuarts.

original plan. Wren added them in 1707. Both were

designed to have clocks, but now only the tower on the south (right) side has one.

Did you know?
In one of the twin baroque
towers there is one of the
largest bells in the world,
Great Paul. It weights about 17, 5 tons.

Paul's Cathedral.
South west tower of
St. Paul‘s Cathedral.

cathedral that is in front of you under the

high, domed ceiling.

with black and white tiles (плитка) .
The interior

is very beautiful. Inside there is a wonderful mixture of architectural work, paintings, frescoes and mosaics.
Many famous artists took part in the decorating of St. Paul’s Cathedral.
On the walls there are paintings depicting(изображающий ) the scenes from the life of Jesus Christ.

mosaics that show the symbols of Christianity were added

in the 19th century by request of Queen Victoria.

of the church.

leads to the dome.

for an altar. Today's very rich high altar (алтарь,

жертвенник , престол в христианских церквях) dates from 1958 and is made of marble and gilded oak (дуб ). It replaces a large Victorian marble altar, which was damaged by the bombing during World War II, and is based on a sketch (набросок) by Christopher Wren.

the cathedral. This is where the choir(хор) and the

priests (священники ) sit during services.
It is home to
the cathedral's
great organ,
which was
installed in
1695 and has
been rebuilt
several times.
The current
instrument is
the third
biggest in
Britain .

THE CHOIR

view the monuments and statues dedicated to a wide

range of people: famous priests of the past, military and political figures, national heroes, painters and many others.

MONUMENTS AND MEMORIALS

Britain's greatest soldiers and statesmen, the Duke of Wellington,

is in the north transept (боковой неф храма; придел). It is the largest memorial in the cathedral. Wellington is riding his horse on the top of the monument. Several architects worked on it. Wellington died in 1852 but his monument was not completed until 1912. He is actually buried in the crypt.

William Turner
(1775-1851); the first
president of the Royal

Academy, Sir Joshua Reynolds;
a British nurse and
hospital reformer Florence
Nightingale (1820-1910)
and many other notable
people.

капелла, часовня, молельня-место для проведения служб). To the left

(north transept) is St. Dunstan's Chapel, which was one of the earliest parts of the cathedral to come into use. It was originally known as the Morning Chapel. In 1905 it was dedicated to St. Dunstan, who was Bishop of London and Archbishop of Canterbury over 1,000 years ago.
All Souls Chapel is further down on the left side. It is dedicated primarily to soldiers of World War I.
The Chapel of the Order of St. Michael and St. George is across from St. Dunstan's on the right side (south transept).
Round the corner behind the high alter is the American Memorial Chapel. It is dedicated to 28 thousand Americans based in Britain who lost their lives in World War II. It was opened in November 1958.

American Memorial Chapel.

- the internal (внутренняя ) Whispering Gallery, the external

(внешняя)Stone Gallery and the external Golden Gallery. The entrance to the galleries is at the right side just before the dome.

If you climb 259 steps, you will get to the Whispering Gallery. It is famous for its unusual acoustics. Two people can stand at opposite sides of the 32m dome and one can whisper something against the wall and the person on the other side will hear it.

the top of the dome is 6 feet (about

2 m) in diameter and has room inside for ten people!

St. Paul’s Cathedral. Very top.
The Golden Gallery

of the dome. It is 530 steps up (about

85 m).
It offers a panoramic view across London.

The Stone Gallery is 378 steps up (53m). Its broad platform has telescopes to make the best of the beautiful view and benches for weary legs.

basement of the cathedral. The entrances to it are

in both transepts, on either side of the dome. It contains over 200 memorials. Many notable figures are buried here including Christopher Wren himself.

Paul's, is buried in at the east end of

the crypt. His tomb (надгробие, могила) is marked by a simple marble stone and is surrounded by memorials to his family and other colleagues who worked on the building of St Paul's.

commander famous for his numerous victories that made him

a national hero. In his final battle at Cape Trafalgar in 1805 Lord Nelson was mortally wounded. After his state funeral he was buried in the crypt of St. Paul’s.

Did you know?
Horatio Nelson is also honoured with Nelson's Column, which stands on Trafalgar Square.

of Wellington’s tomb
Sir Arthur Wellesley is a British soldier

and statesman. He is considered one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century. Lord Wellington defeated Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815. Although a national hero,
he rests (покоится) in a simple coffin (гроб) made of granite.

the cathedral there is a tomb(надгробие) of the scientist

Isaac Newton (1642-1727)and

the prime minister of the UK Winston Churchill (1874-1965), the greatest British leader of the 20th century.

place where the individual and the nation can express

feelings of joy, gratitude and sorrow.
Many important events have taken place here over the years, including:

The funerals (похороны) of Lord Nelson (1806), the Duke of Wellington (1852) and Sir Winston Churchill(1965) ;
Celebration for Queen Victoria Diamond Jubilee (1897)and the Silver Jubilees of King George V (1935) and the Queen (1977);
Peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars;
The Service of Remembrance and Commemoration for September 11, 2001;
The 80th and 100th birthdays of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother;
The wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, to Lady Diana Spencer;
The Thanksgiving for the Golden Jubilee of Her Majesty the Queen.

where millions have come to worship and find peace.

It is a heritage site of international importance which attracts thousands of people each year. It is a symbol of the City and Nation and, above all, a lasting monument to the glory of God.

sacred (священный, святой)
spire (шпиль)
service (служба , месса)
dome (купол

)
grave (могила )
inscription (надпись)
nave (неф-центральная часть церкви)
transept (трансепт- поперечный неф).
choir (клирос, место хора)

(склеп)
stairway (лестница, лестничный марш; ряд ступеней)
cross (крест)
tile

(плитка)
priest (священник )
chapel ( капелла, часовня, молельня-место для проведения служб).
tomb(надгробие)
internal gallery (внутренняя галерея)
external gallery (внешняя галерея )
coffin (гроб)
funeral (похороны)

– 2-ое изд. –М.: Айрис-пресс, 2008. -64 с.
Васильев М.В.

Достопримечательности Великобритании. – 2-ое изд. –М.: Айрис-пресс, 2008. -112 с.
Синельникова М.В. Это Лондон. География. История. Культура. Достопримечательности: Книга для чтения на английском языке с вопросами ,заданиями и диалогами. – Спб.: КОРОНА принт,2010. -352с., ил.
http://www.stpauls.co.uk/Cathedral-History
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral