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Презентация на тему Stylistic Devices

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2. Stylistic DevicesPhono-graphicalLexicalSyntacticalLexico-sytactical
3. PHONO-GRAPHICAL LEVELPhonetic meansCraphonGraphical means
4. Phonetic means Onomatopoeia - the use of
5. Alliteration –the repetition of consonants e.g. He
6. Morphemic repetitionRepetition of root or affixese.g. He
7. Craphonintentional violation of the graphical shape of
8. Graphical Meanschanges of the type (italics, capitalization),
9. Lexical Stylistic DevicesMetaphorMetonymy.SynecdochePlay on Words. IronyEpithetHyperboleUnderstatementOxymoron
10. Metaphortransference of names based on the associated
11. PersonificationQualities of animate objects are attributed to
12. Metonymy.The whole object is named by its
13. Synecdochetype of metonymy: is based on the
14. Play on Words / Pun one word-form
15. Play on WordsZeugma - deliberately use of
16. Ironythe contextual evaluative meaning of a word
17. Epithetexpresses characteristics of an object, both existing
18. Antonomasiaa proper name is used instead of
19. Hyperboledeliberate exaggeratione.g. "I have told it to you a thousand times“.
20. Understatementthe opposite of hyperbolee.g. My mother is
21. Oxymoroncombination of two semantically contradictory notionse.g. "awfully pretty“e.g. There were some bookcases of superbly unreadable books
22. SYNTACTICAL LEVELSentence length and structureSyntactical SDs
23. Sentence LengthOne-Word Sentences – a very strong
24. AsyndetonDeliberate omission of conjunctions:e.g. Secretly, after the
25. PolysyndetonExcessive use of conjunctions:e.g. Everybody you love
26. Syntactical SDsrhetorical questione.g. Who would like to go to the contaminated area?
27. Inversione.g. And here emerged another probleme.g. Ten
28. REPETITIONanaphora: the beginning of two or more
29. framing: the beginning of the sentence is
30. catch repetition (anadiplosis). the end of one
31. ordinary repetition has no definite place in
32. successive repetition is a string of closely
33. Parallel constructions Repetition of the same grammar
34. Chiasmusif the first sentence (clause) has a
35. Detachment a stylistic device based on singling
36. Apokoinu constructions a blend of the main
37. Break (aposiopesis) imitating spontaneous oral speeche.g. "Good intentions, but…“ "It depends“.
38. Lexico-Syntactical Stylistic Devices Antithesis ClimaxAnticlimaxSimileLitotesPeriphrasis
39. Antithesisthe two parts of an antithesis must
40. Climaxeach next word combination (clause, sentence) is
41. AnticlimaxClimax which is suddenly interrupted by an
42. Similean imaginative comparison of two unlike objects
43. Litotesa two-component structure in which two negations
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Stylistic DevicesPhono-graphicalLexicalSyntacticalLexico-sytactical

PHONO-GRAPHICAL LEVELPhonetic meansCraphonGraphical means

Phonetic means Onomatopoeia - the use of words whose sounds imitate those

Alliteration –the repetition of consonants e.g. He swallowed the hint with a

Morphemic repetitionRepetition of root or affixese.g. He is nobody from nowhere and

Craphonintentional violation of the graphical shape of a word (or word combination)

Graphical Meanschanges of the type (italics, capitalization), spacing of graphemes (hyphenation, multiplication)

Lexical Stylistic DevicesMetaphorMetonymy.SynecdochePlay on Words. IronyEpithetHyperboleUnderstatementOxymoron

Metaphortransference of names based on the associated likeness between two objectse.g. He

PersonificationQualities of animate objects are attributed to inanimate objectse.g. The sun is

Metonymy.The whole object is named by its part e.g. There is no

Synecdochetype of metonymy: is based on the relations between a part and

Play on Words / Pun one word-form is deliberately used in two

Play on WordsZeugma - deliberately use of two or more homogeneous members,

Ironythe contextual evaluative meaning of a word is directly opposite to its

Epithetexpresses characteristics of an object, both existing and imaginarye.g. It was a

Antonomasiaa proper name is used instead of a common noun or vice

Understatementthe opposite of hyperbolee.g. My mother is not very well at the

Oxymoroncombination of two semantically contradictory notionse.g.

SYNTACTICAL LEVELSentence length and structureSyntactical SDs

Sentence LengthOne-Word Sentences – a very strong emphatic impacte.g. The neon lights

AsyndetonDeliberate omission of conjunctions:e.g. Secretly, after the nightfall, he visited the home

PolysyndetonExcessive use of conjunctions:e.g. Everybody you love will be dead – mum

Syntactical SDsrhetorical questione.g. Who would like to go to the contaminated area?

Inversione.g. And here emerged another probleme.g. Ten days and ten nights did

REPETITIONanaphora: the beginning of two or more successive sentences (clauses) is repeated

framing: the beginning of the sentence is repeated in the end, thus

catch repetition (anadiplosis). the end of one clause (sentence) is repeated in

ordinary repetition has no definite place in the sentence and the repeated

successive repetition is a string of closely following each other reiterated units

Parallel constructions Repetition of the same grammar structuree.g. Mother cooks dinner. Father

Chiasmusif the first sentence (clause) has a direct word order - SPO,

Detachment a stylistic device based on singling out a secondary member of

Apokoinu constructions a blend of the main and the subordinate clauses so

Break (aposiopesis) imitating spontaneous oral speeche.g.

Lexico-Syntactical Stylistic Devices Antithesis ClimaxAnticlimaxSimileLitotesPeriphrasis

Antithesisthe two parts of an antithesis must be semantically opposite to each

Climaxeach next word combination (clause, sentence) is logically more important or emotionally

AnticlimaxClimax which is suddenly interrupted by an unexpected turn of the thought

Similean imaginative comparison of two unlike objects belonging to two different classes

Litotesa two-component structure in which two negations are joined to give a

Periphrasisroundabout form of expression instead of a simpler onee.g. The reason of

Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 Stylistic Devices
Phono-graphical
Lexical
Syntactical
Lexico-sytactical

Слайд 3 PHONO-GRAPHICAL LEVEL
Phonetic means
Craphon
Graphical means

Слайд 4 Phonetic means
Onomatopoeia - the use of words whose

Phonetic means Onomatopoeia - the use of words whose sounds imitate

sounds imitate those of the signified object or action
e.g

“hiss", "bowwow", "murmur", "bump", "grumble“, “growl”

Слайд 5
Alliteration –the repetition of consonants
e.g. He swallowed

Alliteration –the repetition of consonants e.g. He swallowed the hint with

the hint with a gulp and a gasp and

a grin.
Assonance -the repetition of similar vowels
e.g. brain drain

Слайд 6 Morphemic repetition
Repetition of root or affixes

e.g. He is

Morphemic repetitionRepetition of root or affixese.g. He is nobody from nowhere

nobody from nowhere and knows nothing.
e.g. She unchained,

unbolted and unlocked the door.

Слайд 7 Craphon
intentional violation of the graphical shape of a

Craphonintentional violation of the graphical shape of a word (or word

word (or word combination)
e.g. "gimme" (give me), "lemme"

(let me), "gonna" (going to), "gotta" (got to), "coupla" (couple of), "mighta" (might have), "willya" (will you)

Слайд 8 Graphical Means
changes of the type (italics, capitalization), spacing

Graphical Meanschanges of the type (italics, capitalization), spacing of graphemes (hyphenation,

of graphemes (hyphenation, multiplication) and of lines
e.g. "Help.

Help. HELP."

Слайд 9 Lexical Stylistic Devices
Metaphor
Metonymy.
Synecdoche
Play on Words.
Irony
Epithet
Hyperbole
Understatement
Oxymoron

Слайд 10 Metaphor
transference of names based on the associated likeness

Metaphortransference of names based on the associated likeness between two objectse.g.

between two objects
e.g. He is a walking dictionary.
trite,

hackneyed, stale ("leg of a table" )
fresh, original, genuine
sustained (prolonged) metaphor (through the text)

Слайд 11 Personification
Qualities of animate objects are attributed to inanimate

PersonificationQualities of animate objects are attributed to inanimate objectse.g. The sun

objects
e.g. The sun is smiling at us.
e.g. He turned

over another page of his life

Слайд 12 Metonymy.
The whole object is named by its part

Metonymy.The whole object is named by its part e.g. There is

e.g. There is no news from Downing Street, 10

yet.

Слайд 13 Synecdoche
type of metonymy: is based on the relations

Synecdochetype of metonymy: is based on the relations between a part

between a part and the whole
e.g. I need more

hands down here.

Слайд 14 Play on Words / Pun
one word-form is

Play on Words / Pun one word-form is deliberately used in

deliberately used in two meanings.
e.g. The Importance of Being

Ernest.
e.g. A committee is a group that keeps minutes and wastes hours.
e.g. Work is a four-letter word.

Слайд 15 Play on Words
Zeugma - deliberately use of two

Play on WordsZeugma - deliberately use of two or more homogeneous

or more homogeneous members, which are not connected semantically:

e.g. "He took his hat and his leave”.
e.g. Он с легкостью разбивал кирпичи и женские сердца.
e.g. Она лишилась своих денег и веры в правосудие.

Слайд 16 Irony
the contextual evaluative meaning of a word is

Ironythe contextual evaluative meaning of a word is directly opposite to

directly opposite to its dictionary meaning
e.g. 10 pounds

for 10 days!? You are very generous. (meaning – greedy)

Слайд 17 Epithet
expresses characteristics of an object, both existing and

Epithetexpresses characteristics of an object, both existing and imaginarye.g. It was

imaginary
e.g. It was a nasty day.
fixed (“true love", "merry

Christmas”)
phrase-epithets ("a move-if-you-dare expression“)
inverted epithets (“the giant of a man”)

Слайд 18 Antonomasia
a proper name is used instead of a

Antonomasiaa proper name is used instead of a common noun or

common noun or vice versa
e.g. Dr. Rest, Dr. Diet

and Dr. Fresh Air
e.g. Now let me introduce you - that's Mr. What's-his-name, you remember him, don't you?

Слайд 19 Hyperbole
deliberate exaggeration
e.g. "I have told it to you

a thousand times“.

Слайд 20 Understatement
the opposite of hyperbole
e.g. My mother is not

Understatementthe opposite of hyperbolee.g. My mother is not very well at

very well at the moment. (the woman is at

hospital with a stroke.)

Слайд 21 Oxymoron
combination of two semantically contradictory notions
e.g. "awfully pretty“
e.g.

There were some bookcases of superbly unreadable books

Слайд 22 SYNTACTICAL LEVEL
Sentence length and structure
Syntactical SDs

Слайд 23 Sentence Length
One-Word Sentences – a very strong emphatic

Sentence LengthOne-Word Sentences – a very strong emphatic impacte.g. The neon

impact
e.g. The neon lights in the heart of the

city flashed on and off. On and off. On. Off. On. Off. Continuously.

Слайд 24 Asyndeton
Deliberate omission of conjunctions:
e.g. Secretly, after the nightfall,

AsyndetonDeliberate omission of conjunctions:e.g. Secretly, after the nightfall, he visited the

he visited the home of the Prime Minister. He

examined it from top to bottom. He measured al the doors an windows. He took up the flooring. He inspected the plumbing. He examined the furniture. He found nothing.

Слайд 25 Polysyndeton
Excessive use of conjunctions:
e.g. Everybody you love will

PolysyndetonExcessive use of conjunctions:e.g. Everybody you love will be dead –

be dead – mum and little Sue and Charlie

and Mrs. Furrow – unless you make the right decision, now.

Слайд 26 Syntactical SDs
rhetorical question
e.g. Who would like to go

to the contaminated area?

Слайд 27 Inversion
e.g. And here emerged another problem
e.g. Ten days

Inversione.g. And here emerged another probleme.g. Ten days and ten nights

and ten nights did they stay on hunger strike.

Слайд 28 REPETITION
anaphora: the beginning of two or more successive

REPETITIONanaphora: the beginning of two or more successive sentences (clauses) is

sentences (clauses) is repeated - a..., a..., a...
e.g.

Mother was a cook, mother was a teacher, mother was a referee, mother was a mother.
epiphora: the end of successive sentences (clauses) is repeated -...a, ...a, ...a.
e.g. Kate was there, Mick was there, Mrs Harley was there – and none of them could explain what they saw.

Слайд 29
framing: the beginning of the sentence is repeated

framing: the beginning of the sentence is repeated in the end,

in the end, thus forming the "frame" for the

non-repeated part of the sentence (utterance) - a... a.
e.g. Evil breeds evil.

Слайд 30
catch repetition (anadiplosis). the end of one clause

catch repetition (anadiplosis). the end of one clause (sentence) is repeated

(sentence) is repeated in the beginning of the following

one -...a, a....
chain repetition presents several successive anadiploses -...a, a...b, b...c, c
e.g. Human curiosity brought about science. Science led to progress. Progress is expected to enhance our wellbeing.

Слайд 31
ordinary repetition has no definite place in the

ordinary repetition has no definite place in the sentence and the

sentence and the repeated unit occurs in various positions

- ...a, ...a..., a..

Слайд 32
successive repetition is a string of closely following

successive repetition is a string of closely following each other reiterated

each other reiterated units - ...a, a, a...
e.g.

Say it, say it, say it now.

Слайд 33 Parallel constructions
Repetition of the same grammar structure
e.g. Mother

Parallel constructions Repetition of the same grammar structuree.g. Mother cooks dinner.

cooks dinner. Father watches TV. Children bother mother and

father at the same time.

Слайд 34 Chiasmus
if the first sentence (clause) has a direct

Chiasmusif the first sentence (clause) has a direct word order -

word order - SPO, the second one will have

it inverted - OPS.
e.g. He loved girls, but girls didn’t love him.
e.g.Если гора не идет к Магомету, то Магомет идет к горе.

Слайд 35 Detachment
a stylistic device based on singling out

Detachment a stylistic device based on singling out a secondary member

a secondary member of the sentence with the help

of punctuation (intonation)
e.g. She was crazy about you. In the beginning.

Слайд 36 Apokoinu constructions
a blend of the main and

Apokoinu constructions a blend of the main and the subordinate clauses

the subordinate clauses so that the predicative or the

object of the first one is simultaneously used as the subject of the second one.
impression of clumsiness of speech
e.g. "He was the man killed that deer."

Слайд 37 Break (aposiopesis)
imitating spontaneous oral speech
e.g. "Good intentions,

but…“
"It depends“.

Слайд 38 Lexico-Syntactical Stylistic Devices
Antithesis
Climax
Anticlimax
Simile
Litotes
Periphrasis

Слайд 39 Antithesis
the two parts of an antithesis must be

Antithesisthe two parts of an antithesis must be semantically opposite to

semantically opposite to each other
e.g. "If we don't know

who gains by his death we do know who loses by it."
e.g. Don't use big words. They mean so little.

Слайд 40 Climax
each next word combination (clause, sentence) is logically

Climaxeach next word combination (clause, sentence) is logically more important or

more important or emotionally stronger
e.g. "No tree, no

shrub, no blade of grass that was not owned."
e.g. "She felt better, immensely better."

Слайд 41 Anticlimax
Climax which is suddenly interrupted by an unexpected

AnticlimaxClimax which is suddenly interrupted by an unexpected turn of the

turn of the thought or ends in complete semantic

reversal of the emphasized idea:
e.g. Women have a wonderful instinct about things. They can discover everything except the obvious.
Many paradoxes are based on anticlimax

Слайд 42 Simile
an imaginative comparison of two unlike objects belonging

Similean imaginative comparison of two unlike objects belonging to two different

to two different classes (link words "like", "as", "as

though", "as like", "such as", "as...as"
e.g. "His muscles are hard as rock".
Trite (as strong as a horse)
not be confused with simple (logical, ordinary) comparison
Disguised ("to resemble", "to seem", "to recollect", "to remember", "to look like", "to appear“)