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Gothic style (gothic style)–
(From ital. gotico, it
is literally – gothic, i.e.,
Concerning to the German
tribe it is ready),
Art style,
Become by the final stage in development of the European medieval art and existed
Between the middle XII and XV–XVI centuries
The most suitable the name–
« Lancet style »
Tendency up, ease of designs,
Frame system and the ridge arch,
Openwork decor,
Painting by light, stained-glass windows.
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Gothic art, replaced Romance,
Remains cult to destination
And religious on character.
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Unlike the Romance period the centers of the
European religious, cultural, political and economic life by the
end of XII century of steel not monasteries, and cities.
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And the centers of a public life of
medieval city became a town hall (a building of
city self-management) and a cathedral (a large Christian temple).
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universe, a symbol of the Universe And some
kind
of the arch of knowledge of it, All
art build which,
expressed idea of heavenly and terrestrial hierarchy.
Architecture of the Gothic period
The main architectural constructions of Gothic style
City town hall
Cathedral
Town hall - a building of city self-management–
Represented the big stone building with a hall for assemblies on a ground floor and subsidiary premises on the second. Above a town hall the tower - a symbol
of freedom of city towered.
Cathedral - model of a
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CATHEDRAL – THE CENTER OF THE CITY LIFE
Cathedrals
should contain all numerous urban population. Before cathedrals preachers
acted, spent discussions of the professor and students.
Built cathedrals city masters (instead of monastic, as before).
Townspeople often were customers
Or founders
Works of art for an ornament of cathedrals.
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GOTHIC CATHEDRALS considerably differed from monastic churches of
the Romanesque period:
The Romanesque church is heavy and
stocky. The Gothic cathedral is easy and directed upwards.
It is connected by that in Gothic architecture began to use a new design of the arches.
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If in Romanesque church
the massive arches are
based on thick walls, that in a Gothic cathedral
the arch leans on arches, and those in turn — on columns.
Lateral pressure of the arch
It is transferred flying buttress (external semiarches) and to buttresses (to external support, some kind of "crutches" of a building).
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Such design has enabled
To reduce thickness of
walls,
To increase internal space of a building.
Walls
have ceased to serve as a support of the arch,
That has allowed to do in them set of windows, arches, galleries.
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Portal – an input in a cathedral
All semantic
symbolics of a Christian temple repeats in its western
portal.
The door is a transition from one space in another, from wordly in sacred.
Steps – a symbol of an ascention to the God. Three portals – a symbol of the Sacred Trinity.
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Khimers - a sculpture in an image of
a fantastic animal.
Gorgylies – sculptures-water-drains.
At the same time the
belief in miracles, fantastic animals, fantastic monsters was kept. Their images meet in Gothic art also often, as well as in Romance: for example, in the form of sculptures — chimeras or sculptures-water-drains — gorgylies.
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Sent-Shapel Church in Paris
PAINTING OF THE GOTHIC PERIOD
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Sent-Shapel–
Chapel of the Lui IX,
1243-1248,
arc.
Pierre de Montero,
Paris, France
Stained-glass windows
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In a Gothic cathedral the equal surface of
a wall, therefore a wall list has disappeared has
given a up the place to a stained-glass window — to the picturesque image from the color glasses fastened among themselves, placed in an aperture of a window.
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Prominent feature of Gothic architecture:
Arch of the lancet
form.
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In XII-XIII centuries did Color stained-glass windows.
Ready
color glasses cut according to figure, typed on a
pattern,
and then covered with a list. These elements fastened lead crosspieces and concluded in a metal frame.
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Cathedral Notre Dame de Paris 1160-1245, Paris, France
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Cathedral of Cathedral Notre Dame de Paris 1160-1245.,
Paris, France
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Church of a chapel
Sent-Shape
In Paris
(1245-1248),
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Cathedral In Rheims
(1211-1311),
Where kings were crowned.
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A cathedral in Ryane
(1434-1514)
