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There are countable and uncountable nouns.
Countable
a chair
a question
an
engineer
a bus
Uncountable
mater
milk
freedom
friendship
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The countable noun is used in the form
of the singular and the plural.
The uncountable nouns is
used only in the form of singular.
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Some nouns form the plural by changing the
root vowel.
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The plural of the nouns sheep, deer, swine
and fish is identical with the singular.
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Some nouns borrowed from Latin and Greek keep
the plural form of the language from which they
have been borrowed.
A phenomenon [finominen]-phenomena [finimine]явище
a crisis [ kraisis ]-crises[kraisiz]
a radius [reidjes]-radii [reidiai]
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If the singular ends in – th [θ]
preceded by a long vowel or a diphthong, in
the plural the final [θ] is changed into [ ʆ] after which the ending –s is pronounced [z].
A path [pa:θ]- paths [pa:ʆz]
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Some nouns ending in – o
take –es.
f.e Tomato-
tomatoes
But:
radio-radios, piano- pianos,
photo- photos, video- videos.
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Plurals
Spelling Rules
To form plural nouns we usually
add -s to the noun.
one pen
- two pens
Nouns ending in -s, -ss, -ch, -x or -o take -es in the plural.
bus - buses, glass - glasses, brush - brushes, watch - watches, fox - foxes, tomato - tomatoes
However, some nouns ending in - o take only –s .
radio - radios, piano - pianos, studio - studios , video - videos kilo - kilos
Nouns ending in a vowel + y take -s in the plural.
boy - boys
Nouns ending in a consonant + y drop the -y and take -ies in the plural.
party - parties , baby - babies
Most nouns ending in -f or -fe, drop the -f or -fe and take -ves in the plural.
knife - knives , wolf - wolves
However, some nouns ending in -f or -fe take only -s.
roof - roofs, cliff - cliffs, giraffe - giraffes
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Irregular Plurals
Some nouns do not form their plural
according to the about rules.
They either have a different
form or the same form as in the
singular.
These are:
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Countable / Uncountable Nouns
Countable nouns are nouns which
we can count. They have singular and plural forms.
One egg, two eggs, three eggs
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Uncountable nouns are nouns which we cannot count.
Uncountable nouns have only
singular forms. These nouns include:
Food: cheese,
butter, salt, pepper, bread, spaghetti, etc
Liquid: coffee, milk, water, tea, lemonade, etc
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We can use the following nouns before uncountable
nouns to show quantity: