Презентация на тему The skeleton

of internal organs
Movement in union with muscles
Storage of minerals

(calcium, phosphorus) & lipids
Blood cell production

Anatomy of the bone
By x-ray or diagram
Structure/function of joints,

muscle and ligament attachments
Including range of motion

skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, hyoid bone
Appendicular Skeleton: (126

bones)- upper & lower extremities plus two girdles
Half of bones in hands & feet

bone
Thorax or chest
Vertebral column

are wide; shaft & 2 ends (e.g.: bones of

arms & legs,except wrist, ankle & patella)
Short bones: roughly cube-shaped (e.g.: ankle & wrist bones)
Sesamoid bones: short bones within tendons (e.g.: patella)
Flat bones: thin, flat & often curved (e.g.,: sternum, scapulae, ribs & most skullbones)
Irregular bones: odd shapes; don't fit into other classes (e.g.: hip bones & vertebrae)

bone
26 in vertebral column
25 in thoracic cage

4 in pectoral

girdle
60 in upper limbs
60 in lower limbs
2 in pelvic girdle

206 bones in all

sutured bones,
1 mandible

Cranium
encases brain
attachments for muscles
sinuses

True ribs are directly attached to the sternum

(first seven pairs)

Three false ribs are joined to the 7th rib
Two pairs of floating ribs

5 lumbar
1 sacrum (5 fused)
1 coccyx

(4 fused)

Vertebrae vary in size and morphology

2nd; dens pivots to turn head

Cervical Vertebrae

and secrete unmineralized ground substance and are found in

areas of high metabolism within the bone
Osteocytes – mature bone cells made from osteoblasts that have made bone tissue around themselves. They maintain healthy bone tissue by secreting enzymes and controlling the bone mineral content; they also control the calcium release from the bone tissue to the blood.
Osteogenic cells respond to traumas, such as fractures, by giving rise to bone-forming cells and bone-destroying cells
Osteoclasts – bone absorbing cell – large cells that break down bone tissue – important to growth, healing, remodeling
Bone lining cells - made from osteoblasts along the surface of most bones in an adult. Bone-lining cells are thought to regulate the movement of calcium and phosphate into and out of the bone