Что такое findslide.org?

FindSlide.org - это сайт презентаций, докладов, шаблонов в формате PowerPoint.

Для правообладателей

Обратная связь

Email: Нажмите что бы посмотреть 

Яндекс.Метрика

Презентация на тему Campylobacter & Helicobacter

Содержание

rRNA Superfamily VI of Class Proteobacteria
rRNA Superfamily VI of Class Proteobacteria Gram-negativeHelical (spiral or curved) morphology; Tend to be pleomorphicCharacteristics that facilitate penetration First isolated as Vibrio fetus in 1909 from spontaneous abortions in livestockCampylobacter Small, thin (0.2 - 0.5 um X 0.5 - 5.0 um), helical Campylobacter Species Associated with Human Disease Low incidence potential sequelaReactive, self-limited, autoimmune diseaseCampylobacter jejuni most frequent antecedent pathogenImmune Zoonotic infections in many animals particularly avian (bird) reservoirsSpontaneous abortions in cattle, Contaminated poultry accounts for more than half of the camylobacteriosis cases in Sporadic infections in humans far outnumber those affected in point-source outbreaksSporadic cases Infectious dose and host immunity determine whether gastroenteric disease developsSome people infected Cellular components:EndotoxinFlagellum: MotilityAdhesins: Mediate attachment to mucosaInvasins GBS is associated with C. Specimen Collection and Processing: Feces refrigerated & examined within few hours Rectal Laboratory Identification (cont.) Gastroenteritis: Self-limiting; Replace fluids and electrolytes Antibiotic treatment can shorten the excretion History & Taxonomy of HelicobacterFamily not yet named (17 species by rRNA Helicobacter pylori is major human pathogen associated with gastric antral epithelium in Gram-negative; Helical (spiral or curved) (0.5-1.0 um X 2.5-5.0 um); Blunted/rounded ends Helicobacter on Paramagnetic Beads Helicobacter Species Associated with Human Disease Family ClustersOrally transmitted person-to-person (?)Worldwide:~ 20% below the age of 40 years Developed Countries:United States: 30% of total population infected Of those, ~1% per Colonize mucosal lining of stomach & duodenum in man & animals Adherent Virulence Factors of Helicobacter Multiple polar, sheathed flagellaCorkscrew motility enables penetration into viscous environment (mucus)Adhesins: Hemagglutinins; Tissue damage: Vacuolating cytotoxin: Epithelial cell damageInvasin(s)(??): Poorly defined (e.g., hemolysins; Laboratory IdentificationRecovered from or detected in endoscopic antral gastric biopsy material; Triple Chemotherapy (synergism):Proton pump inhibitor (e.g., omeprazole = Prilosec(R))One or more antibiotics REVIEWCampylobacter & Helicobacter Superfamily Gram-negativeHelical (spiral or curved) morphology; Tend to be pleomorphicCharacteristics that facilitate penetration Campylobacter Review First isolated as Vibrio fetus in 1909 from spontaneous abortions in livestockCampylobacter REVIEW REVIEW Small, thin (0.2 - 0.5 um X 0.5 - 5.0 um), helical Campylobacter Species Associated with Human DiseaseREVIEW Low incidence potential sequelaReactive, self-limited, autoimmune diseaseCampylobacter jejuni most frequent antecedent pathogenImmune Zoonotic infections in many animals particularly avian (bird) reservoirsSpontaneous abortions in cattle, Contaminated poultry accounts for more than half of the camylobacteriosis cases in Sporadic infections in humans far outnumber those affected in point-source outbreaksSporadic cases Helicobacter Review History & Taxonomy of HelicobacterFamily not yet named (17 species by rRNA Helicobacter pylori is major human pathogen associated with gastric antral epithelium in REVIEW REVIEW Gram-negative; Helical (spiral or curved) (0.5-1.0 um X 2.5-5.0 um); Blunted/rounded ends Helicobacter Species Associated with Human DiseaseREVIEW Family ClustersOrally transmitted person-to-person~ 20% below the age of 40 years are Developed Countries:United States: 30% of total population infected Of those, ~1% per Colonize mucosal lining of stomach & duodenum in man & animals Adherent Virulence Factors of Helicobacter REVIEW Triple Chemotherapy (synergism):Proton pump inhibitor (e.g., omeprazole = Prilosec(R))One or more antibiotics
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 rRNA Superfamily VI of Class Proteobacteria

rRNA Superfamily VI of Class Proteobacteria

Слайд 3 Gram-negative
Helical (spiral or curved) morphology; Tend to be

Gram-negativeHelical (spiral or curved) morphology; Tend to be pleomorphicCharacteristics that facilitate

pleomorphic
Characteristics that facilitate penetration and colonization of mucosal environments

(e.g., motile by polar flagella; corkscrew shape)
Microaerophilic atmospheric requirements
Become coccoid when exposed to oxygen or upon prolonged culture
Neither ferment nor oxidize carbohydrates

General Characteristics Common to Superfamily

Слайд 4 First isolated as Vibrio fetus in 1909 from

First isolated as Vibrio fetus in 1909 from spontaneous abortions in

spontaneous abortions in livestock
Campylobacter enteritis was not recognized until

the mid-1970s when selective isolation media were developed for culturing campylobacters from human feces
Most common form of acute infectious diarrhea in developed countries; Higher incidence than Salmonella & Shigella combined
In the U.S., >2 million cases annually, an annual incidence close to the 1.1% observed in the United Kingdom; Estimated 200-700 deaths

History of Campylobacter

Слайд 5 Small, thin (0.2 - 0.5 um X 0.5

Small, thin (0.2 - 0.5 um X 0.5 - 5.0 um),

- 5.0 um), helical (spiral or curved) cells with

typical gram-negative cell wall; “Gull-winged” appearance
Tendency to form coccoid & elongated forms on prolonged culture or when exposed to O2
Distinctive rapid darting motility
Long sheathed polar flagellum at one (polar) or both (bipolar) ends of the cell
Motility slows quickly in wet mount preparation
Microaerophilic & capnophilic 5%O2,10%CO2,85%N2
Thermophilic (42-43C) (except C. fetus)
Body temperature of natural avian reservoir
May become nonculturable in nature

Morphology & Physiology of Campylobacter

Слайд 6 Campylobacter Species Associated with Human Disease

Campylobacter Species Associated with Human Disease

Слайд 7 Low incidence potential sequela
Reactive, self-limited, autoimmune disease
Campylobacter jejuni

Low incidence potential sequelaReactive, self-limited, autoimmune diseaseCampylobacter jejuni most frequent antecedent

most frequent antecedent pathogen
Immune response to specific O-antigens cross-reacts

with ganglioside surface components of peripheral nerves (molecular or antigenic mimicry)
Acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (85% of cases) from cross reaction with Schwann-cells or myelin
Acute axonal forms of GBS (15% of cases) from molecular mimicry of axonal membrane

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

Слайд 8 Zoonotic infections in many animals particularly avian (bird)

Zoonotic infections in many animals particularly avian (bird) reservoirsSpontaneous abortions in

reservoirs
Spontaneous abortions in cattle, sheep, and swine, but generally

asymptomatic carriage in animal reservoir
Humans acquire via ingestion of contaminated food (particularly poultry), unpasteurized milk, or improperly treated water
Infectious dose is reduced by foods that neutralize gastric acidity, e.g., milk. Fecal-oral transmission also occurs

Epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis

Слайд 9 Contaminated poultry accounts for more than half of

Contaminated poultry accounts for more than half of the camylobacteriosis cases

the camylobacteriosis cases in developed countries but different epidemiological

picture in developing countries
In U.S. and developed countries: Peak incidence in children below one year of age and young adults (15-24 years old)
In developing countries where campylobacters are hyperendemic: Symptomatic disease occurs in young children and persistent, asymptomatic carriage in adults

Epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis(cont.)

Слайд 10 Sporadic infections in humans far outnumber those affected

Sporadic infections in humans far outnumber those affected in point-source outbreaksSporadic

in point-source outbreaks
Sporadic cases peak in the summer in

temperate climates with a secondary peak in the late fall seen in the U.S.
Globally, C. jejuni subsp. jejuni accounts for more than 80% of all Campylobacter enteriti
C. coli accounts for only 2-5% of the total cases in the U.S.; C. coli accounts for a higher percentage of cases in developing countries

Epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis(cont.)

Слайд 11

Слайд 12 Infectious dose and host immunity determine whether gastroenteric

Infectious dose and host immunity determine whether gastroenteric disease developsSome people

disease develops
Some people infected with as few as 500

organisms while others need >106 CFU
Pathogenesis not fully characterized
No good animal model
Damage (ulcerated, edematous and bloody) to the mucosal surfaces of the jejunum, ileum, colon
Inflammatory process consistent with invasion of the organisms into the intestinal tissue; M-cell (Peyer’s patches) uptake and presentation of antigen to underlying lymphatic system
Non-motile & adhesin-lacking strains are avirulent

Pathogenesis & Immunity

Слайд 13 Cellular components:
Endotoxin
Flagellum: Motility
Adhesins: Mediate attachment to mucosa
Invasins
GBS

Cellular components:EndotoxinFlagellum: MotilityAdhesins: Mediate attachment to mucosaInvasins GBS is associated with

is associated with C. jejuni serogroup O19
S-layer protein

“microcapsule” in C. fetus:

Extracellular components:
Enterotoxins
Cytopathic toxins

Putative Virulence Factors

Слайд 14 Specimen Collection and Processing:
Feces refrigerated & examined

Specimen Collection and Processing: Feces refrigerated & examined within few hours

within few hours
Rectal swabs in semisolid transport medium
Blood

drawn for C. fetus
Care to avoid oxygen exposure
Selective isolation by filtration of stool specimen
Enrichment broth & selective media
Filtration: pass through 0.45 μm filters
Microscopy:
Gull-wing appearance in gram stain
Darting motility in fresh stool (rarely done in clinical lab)
Fecal leukocytes are commonly present
Identification:
Growth at 25o, 37o, or 42-43oC
Hippurate hydrolysis (C. jejuni is positive)
Susceptibility to nalidixic acid & cephalothin

Laboratory Identification

Слайд 15 Laboratory Identification (cont.)

Laboratory Identification (cont.)

Слайд 16 Gastroenteritis:
Self-limiting; Replace fluids and electrolytes
Antibiotic treatment

Gastroenteritis: Self-limiting; Replace fluids and electrolytes Antibiotic treatment can shorten the

can shorten the excretion period; Erythromycin is drug of

choice for severe or complicated enteritis & bacteremia; Fluroquinolones are highly active (e.g., ciprofloxacin was becoming drug of choice) but fluoroquinolone resistance has developed rapidly since the mid-1980s apparently related to unrestricted use and the use of enrofloxacin in poultry
Azithromycin was effective in recent human clinical trials
Control should be directed at domestic animal reservoirs and interrupting transmission to humans
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
Favorable prognosis with optimal supportive care
Intensive-care unit for 33% of cases

Treatment, Prevention & Control

Слайд 17

Слайд 18 History & Taxonomy of Helicobacter
Family not yet named

History & Taxonomy of HelicobacterFamily not yet named (17 species by

(17 species by rRNA sequencing)
First observed in 1983 as

Campylobacter-like organisms (formerly Campylobacter pyloridis) in the stomachs of patients with type B gastritis
Nomenclature of Helicobacter was first established in 1989, but only three species are currently considered to be human pathogens
Important Human Pathogens:
Helicobacter pylori (human; no animal reservoir)
H. cinaedi (male homosexuals; rodents)
H. fenneliae (male homosexuals; rodents)

Слайд 19 Helicobacter pylori is major human pathogen associated with

Helicobacter pylori is major human pathogen associated with gastric antral epithelium

gastric antral epithelium in patients with active chronic gastritis
Stomach

of many animal species also colonized
Urease (gastric strains only), mucinase, and catalase positive highly motile microorganisms
Other Helicobacters: H. cinnaedi and H. fenneliae
Colonize human intestinal tract
Isolated from homosexual men with proctitis, proctocolitis, enteritis, and bacteremia and are often transmitted through sexual practices

General Characteristics of Helicobacter

Слайд 20 Gram-negative; Helical (spiral or curved) (0.5-1.0 um X

Gram-negative; Helical (spiral or curved) (0.5-1.0 um X 2.5-5.0 um); Blunted/rounded

2.5-5.0 um); Blunted/rounded ends in gastric biopsy specimens; Cells

become rod-like and coccoid on prolonged culture
Produce urease, mucinase, and catalase
H. pylori tuft (lophotrichous) of 4-6 sheathed flagella (30um X 2.5nm) attached at one pole
Single polar flagellum on H. fennellae & H. cinaedi
Smooth cell wall with unusual fatty acids

Morphology & Physiology of Helicobacter

Слайд 21 Helicobacter on Paramagnetic Beads

Helicobacter on Paramagnetic Beads

Слайд 22 Helicobacter Species Associated with Human Disease

Helicobacter Species Associated with Human Disease

Слайд 23 Family Clusters
Orally transmitted person-to-person (?)

Worldwide:
~ 20% below the

Family ClustersOrally transmitted person-to-person (?)Worldwide:~ 20% below the age of 40

age of 40 years are infected
50% above the age

of 60 years are infected
H. pylori is uncommon in young children

Epidemiology of Helicobacter Infections

Слайд 24 Developed Countries:
United States: 30% of total population infected

Developed Countries:United States: 30% of total population infected Of those, ~1%


Of those, ~1% per year develop duodenal ulcer
~1/3 eventually

have peptic ulcer disease(PUD)
70% gastric ulcer cases colonized with H. pylori
Low socioeconomic status predicts H. pylori infection
Developing Countries:
Hyperendemic
About 10% acquisition rate per year for children between 2 and 8 years of age
Most adults infected but no disease
Protective immunity from multiple childhood infections

Epidemiology of Helicobacter Infections (cont.)

Слайд 25 Colonize mucosal lining of stomach & duodenum in

Colonize mucosal lining of stomach & duodenum in man & animals

man & animals
Adherent to gastric surface epithelium or

pit epithelial cells deep within the mucosal crypts adjacent to gastric mucosal cells
Mucosa protects the stomach wall from its own gastric milleu of digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid
Mucosa also protects Helicobacter from immune response
Most gastric adenocarcinomas and lymphomas are concurrent with or preceded by an infection with H. pylori

Pathogenesis of Helicobacter Infections

Слайд 26 Virulence Factors of Helicobacter

Virulence Factors of Helicobacter

Слайд 27 Multiple polar, sheathed flagella
Corkscrew motility enables penetration into

Multiple polar, sheathed flagellaCorkscrew motility enables penetration into viscous environment (mucus)Adhesins:

viscous environment (mucus)
Adhesins: Hemagglutinins; Sialic acid binding adhesin; Lewis

blood group adhesin
Mucinase: Degrades gastric mucus; Localized tissue damage
Urease converts urea (abundant in saliva and gastric juices) into bicarbonate (to CO2) and ammonia
Neutralize the local acid environment
Localized tissue damage
Acid-inhibitory protein

Virulence Factors of Helicobacter

Слайд 28

Urease
C=O(NH2)2 + H+ + 2H2O ? HCO3- + 2 (NH4+)
Urea Bicarbonate Ammonium ions
And then… HCO3- ? CO2 + OH-

Urea Hydrolysis

Слайд 29 Tissue damage:
Vacuolating cytotoxin: Epithelial cell damage
Invasin(s)(??):

Tissue damage: Vacuolating cytotoxin: Epithelial cell damageInvasin(s)(??): Poorly defined (e.g., hemolysins;

Poorly defined (e.g., hemolysins; phospholipases; alcohol dehydrogenase)
Protection from phagocytosis

& intracellular killing:
Superoxide dismutase
Catalase

Virulence Factors of Helicobacter (cont.)

Слайд 30 Laboratory Identification

Recovered from or detected in endoscopic antral

Laboratory IdentificationRecovered from or detected in endoscopic antral gastric biopsy material;

gastric biopsy material; Multiple biopsies are taken
Many different

transport media
Culture media containing whole or lysed blood
Microaerophilic
Grow well at 37oC, but not at 25 nor 42oC
Like Campylobacter, does not use carbohydrates, neither fermentatively nor oxidatively

Слайд 31
Triple Chemotherapy (synergism):
Proton pump inhibitor (e.g., omeprazole =

Triple Chemotherapy (synergism):Proton pump inhibitor (e.g., omeprazole = Prilosec(R))One or more

Prilosec(R))
One or more antibiotics (e.g., clarithromycin; amoxicillin; metronidazole)
Bismuth compound



Inadequate treatment results in recurrence of symptoms

Treatment, Prevention & Control

Слайд 32

Слайд 33 REVIEW
Campylobacter & Helicobacter Superfamily

REVIEWCampylobacter & Helicobacter Superfamily

Слайд 34 Gram-negative
Helical (spiral or curved) morphology; Tend to be

Gram-negativeHelical (spiral or curved) morphology; Tend to be pleomorphicCharacteristics that facilitate

pleomorphic
Characteristics that facilitate penetration and colonization of mucosal environments

(e.g., motile by polar flagella; corkscrew shape)
Microaerophilic atmospheric requirements
Become coccoid when exposed to oxygen or upon prolonged culture
Neither ferment nor oxidize carbohydrates

General Characteristics Common to Superfamily

REVIEW

Слайд 35 Campylobacter Review

Campylobacter Review

Слайд 36 First isolated as Vibrio fetus in 1909 from

First isolated as Vibrio fetus in 1909 from spontaneous abortions in

spontaneous abortions in livestock
Campylobacter enteritis was not recognized until

the mid-1970s when selective isolation media were developed for culturing campylobacters from human feces
Most common form of acute infectious diarrhea in developed countries; Higher incidence than Salmonella & Shigella combined
In the U.S., >2 million cases annually, an annual incidence close to the 1.1% observed in the United Kingdom; Estimated 200-700 deaths

History of Campylobacter

REVIEW

Слайд 37 REVIEW

REVIEW

Слайд 38 REVIEW

REVIEW

Слайд 39 Small, thin (0.2 - 0.5 um X 0.5

Small, thin (0.2 - 0.5 um X 0.5 - 5.0 um),

- 5.0 um), helical (spiral or curved) cells with

typical gram-negative cell wall; “Gull-winged” appearance
Tendency to form coccoid & elongated forms on prolonged culture or when exposed to O2
Distinctive rapid darting motility
Long sheathed polar flagellum at one (polar) or both (bipolar) ends of the cell
Motility slows quickly in wet mount preparation
Microaerophilic & capnophilic 5%O2,10%CO2,85%N2
Thermophilic (42-43C) (except C. fetus)
Body temperature of natural avian reservoir
May become nonculturable in nature

Morphology & Physiology of Campylobacter

REVIEW

Слайд 40 Campylobacter Species Associated with Human Disease
REVIEW

Campylobacter Species Associated with Human DiseaseREVIEW

Слайд 41 Low incidence potential sequela
Reactive, self-limited, autoimmune disease
Campylobacter jejuni

Low incidence potential sequelaReactive, self-limited, autoimmune diseaseCampylobacter jejuni most frequent antecedent

most frequent antecedent pathogen
Immune response to specific O-antigens cross-reacts

with ganglioside surface components of peripheral nerves (molecular or antigenic mimicry)
Acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (85% of cases) from cross reaction with Schwann-cells or myelin
Acute axonal forms of GBS (15% of cases) from molecular mimicry of axonal membrane

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

REVIEW

Слайд 42 Zoonotic infections in many animals particularly avian (bird)

Zoonotic infections in many animals particularly avian (bird) reservoirsSpontaneous abortions in

reservoirs
Spontaneous abortions in cattle, sheep, and swine, but generally

asymptomatic carriage in animal reservoir
Humans acquire via ingestion of contaminated food (particularly poultry), unpasteurized milk, or improperly treated water
Infectious dose is reduced by foods that neutralize gastric acidity, e.g., milk. Fecal-oral transmission also occurs

Epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis

REVIEW

Слайд 43 Contaminated poultry accounts for more than half of

Contaminated poultry accounts for more than half of the camylobacteriosis cases

the camylobacteriosis cases in developed countries but different epidemiological

picture in developing countries
In U.S. and developed countries: Peak incidence in children below one year of age and young adults (15-24 years old)
In developing countries where campylobacters are hyperendemic: Symptomatic disease occurs in young children and persistent, asymptomatic carriage in adults

Epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis(cont.)

REVIEW

Слайд 44 Sporadic infections in humans far outnumber those affected

Sporadic infections in humans far outnumber those affected in point-source outbreaksSporadic

in point-source outbreaks
Sporadic cases peak in the summer in

temperate climates with a secondary peak in the late fall seen in the U.S.
Globally, C. jejuni subsp. jejuni accounts for more than 80% of all Campylobacter enteriti
C. coli accounts for only 2-5% of the total cases in the U.S.; C. coli accounts for a higher percentage of cases in developing countries

Epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis(cont.)

REVIEW

Слайд 45

Слайд 46 Helicobacter Review

Helicobacter Review

Слайд 47 History & Taxonomy of Helicobacter
Family not yet named

History & Taxonomy of HelicobacterFamily not yet named (17 species by

(17 species by rRNA sequencing)
First observed in 1983 as

Campylobacter-like organisms (formerly Campylobacter pyloridis) in the stomachs of patients with type B gastritis
Nomenclature of Helicobacter was first established in 1989, but only three species are currently considered to be human pathogens
Important Human Pathogens:
Helicobacter pylori (human; no animal reservoir)
H. cinaedi (male homosexuals; rodents)
H. fenneliae (male homosexuals; rodents)

REVIEW

Слайд 48 Helicobacter pylori is major human pathogen associated with

Helicobacter pylori is major human pathogen associated with gastric antral epithelium

gastric antral epithelium in patients with active chronic gastritis
Stomach

of many animal species also colonized
Urease (gastric strains only), mucinase, and catalase positive highly motile microorganisms
Other Helicobacters: H. cinnaedi and H. fenneliae
Colonize human intestinal tract
Isolated from homosexual men with proctitis, proctocolitis, enteritis, and bacteremia and are often transmitted through sexual practices

General Characteristics of Helicobacter

REVIEW

Слайд 49 REVIEW

REVIEW

Слайд 50 REVIEW

REVIEW

Слайд 51 Gram-negative; Helical (spiral or curved) (0.5-1.0 um X

Gram-negative; Helical (spiral or curved) (0.5-1.0 um X 2.5-5.0 um); Blunted/rounded

2.5-5.0 um); Blunted/rounded ends in gastric biopsy specimens; Cells

become rod-like and coccoid on prolonged culture
Produce urease, mucinase, and catalase
H. pylori tuft (lophotrichous) of 4-6 sheathed flagella (30um X 2.5nm) attached at one pole
Single polar flagellum on H. fennellae & H. cinaedi
Smooth cell wall with unusual fatty acids

Morphology & Physiology of Helicobacter

REVIEW

Слайд 52 Helicobacter Species Associated with Human Disease
REVIEW

Helicobacter Species Associated with Human DiseaseREVIEW

Слайд 53 Family Clusters
Orally transmitted person-to-person
~ 20% below the age

Family ClustersOrally transmitted person-to-person~ 20% below the age of 40 years

of 40 years are infected
50% above the age of

60 years are infected
H. pylori is uncommon in young children

Epidemiology of Helicobacter Infections

REVIEW

Слайд 54 Developed Countries:
United States: 30% of total population infected

Developed Countries:United States: 30% of total population infected Of those, ~1%


Of those, ~1% per year develop duodenal ulcer
~1/3 eventually

have peptic ulcer disease(PUD)
70% gastric ulcer cases colonized with H. pylori
Low socioeconomic status predicts H. pylori infection
Developing Countries:
Hyperendemic
About 10% acquisition rate per year for children between 2 and 8 years of age
Most adults infected but no disease
Protective immunity from multiple childhood infections

Epidemiology of Helicobacter Infections (cont.)

REVIEW

Слайд 55 Colonize mucosal lining of stomach & duodenum in

Colonize mucosal lining of stomach & duodenum in man & animals

man & animals
Adherent to gastric surface epithelium or

pit epithelial cells deep within the mucosal crypts adjacent to gastric mucosal cells
Mucosa protects the stomach wall from its own gastric milleu of digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid
Mucosa also protects Helicobacter from immune response
Most gastric adenocarcinomas and lymphomas are concurrent with or preceded by an infection with H. pylori

Pathogenesis of Helicobacter Infections

REVIEW

Слайд 56 Virulence Factors of Helicobacter
REVIEW

Virulence Factors of Helicobacter REVIEW

Слайд 57
Triple Chemotherapy (synergism):
Proton pump inhibitor (e.g., omeprazole =

Triple Chemotherapy (synergism):Proton pump inhibitor (e.g., omeprazole = Prilosec(R))One or more

Prilosec(R))
One or more antibiotics (e.g., clarithromycin; amoxicillin; metronidazole)
Bismuth compound



Inadequate treatment results in recurrence of symptoms

Treatment, Prevention & Control

REVIEW

  • Имя файла: campylobacter-amp-helicobacter.pptx
  • Количество просмотров: 136
  • Количество скачиваний: 0
- Предыдущая Примерная общеобразователь ная программа дошкольного образования От рождения до школы
Следующая - Проверка безударных гласных в корне слова

Похожие презентации

Видовое разнообразие бабочек села Старокучергановка Видовое разнообразие бабочек села Старокучергановка 113
В царстве грибов В царстве грибов 122
Экстрапирамидная система и мозжечок Экстрапирамидная система и мозжечок 110
Биологические ритмы Биологические ритмы 124
Инфузории Инфузории 160
Устройство светового микроскопа и строение растительной клетки Устройство светового микроскопа и строение растительной клетки 115
Семена, плоды Семена, плоды 209
Рукокрылые мыши Рукокрылые мыши 118
Типы развития насекомых Типы развития насекомых 116
Презентация по биологии на тему Мы за здоровый образ жизни (5 класс) Презентация по биологии на тему Мы за здоровый образ жизни (5 класс) 166
ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ АДАПТАЦИЙ И ИХ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ХАРАКТЕР ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ АДАПТАЦИЙ И ИХ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ХАРАКТЕР 160
Бесполое размножение организмов Бесполое размножение организмов 100
Презентация по биологии Использование ИКТ для ЕГЭ по биологии Презентация по биологии Использование ИКТ для ЕГЭ по биологии 149
Основные методы селекции и биотехнологии (кроссворд) Основные методы селекции и биотехнологии (кроссворд) 192
Дробление Дробление 157
Земноводные - амфибии Земноводные - амфибии 160
Компьютерное моделирование биотических отношений Компьютерное моделирование биотических отношений 147
Презентация для 9 и 10 классов по биологии на тему Взаимоотношения организмов Презентация для 9 и 10 классов по биологии на тему Взаимоотношения организмов 143
Взаимодействие генов Взаимодействие генов 120
Многообразие грибов Многообразие грибов 132
Бактерии Бактерии 133
Анализирующее скрещивание Анализирующее скрещивание 123
Тип Членистоногие. Класс Паукообразные Тип Членистоногие. Класс Паукообразные 107
Человеческий мозг Человеческий мозг 107
Внешнее строение листа 6 класс Внешнее строение листа 6 класс 240
Отдел голосеменные Отдел голосеменные 126
Мезозойская эра Мезозойская эра 196
Использование программно-аппаратных комплексов в образовательном процессе. Биология Использование программно-аппаратных комплексов в образовательном процессе. Биология 141
Экология Ростовской области Экология Ростовской области 124
Методы изучения клетки Методы изучения клетки 172