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Презентация на тему Immune system

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4. The major organsof the immune system are: Central:Bone marrow ThymusPeripheral:SpleenLymph nodesTonsils
6. In central organs antigen-independent production of uncommitted
7. Bone Marrowis a soft tissue occupying the
8. Red bone marrow is blood cell forming
9. Red bone marrow is blood cell forming
10. Erythroblastic islands are clusters of developing erythrocytes
11. Bone marrow functions 1. Hematopoiesis. 2. Bone
13. ThymusFunctions:1. Production of T- lymphocyte. 2. Production
14. Thymus
15. ThymusCapsuleLobulesCortexMedullaHassal’s Corpuscles
16. Cortex--- dark-staining periphery of each lobule. Small
17. Figure 5-3 part 1 of 2Differentiation Immature thymocytes are hereMore mature thymocytes are here
20. Adult ThymusFetal ThymusThe Human Thymus Involutes With Age:
21. INVOLUTION OF THE THYMUSTwo types:1. Age dependent
22. Peripheral part of I. S.
23. 1. Lymphoid (= Lymph, Lymphatic) Nodules (Follicles)
24. Lymphatic Nodule- have a dark-staining periphery, or mantle zone, that contains tightly packed small lymphocytes,
25. Lymphatic Noduleand a light-staining core, or germinal
26. TONSILS underlie the epithelial lining of the
27. Tonsils
28. Palatine Tonsil
29. Peyer’s PatchesSmaller aggregates present under mucous membrane: “Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue” or MALT (in Digestive sys)
31. CapsulatedAfferent lymphatics ? “subcapsular sinus”Hilum – blood
32. LYMPH NODESThese are the smallest but most
33. CM
34. LYMPH NODES-- Inner space consists of reticular
35. 2. Paracortical zone. This is the T-dependent
36. Lymphatic vessels inside LN are Sinuses. Types:
39. SPLEEN ---- Is the largest of the
40. Inner space -- Splenic pulp -- is
41. White pulp - consists of lymphocytes;-- surround
42. Red pulp -- collects blood and makes
43. Red pulp -- collects blood and makes
44. Splenic sinusoids differ from common capillaries: -
45. Spleen
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The major organsof the immune system are: Central:Bone marrow ThymusPeripheral:SpleenLymph nodesTonsils

The major organsof the immune system are: Central:Bone marrow ThymusPeripheral:SpleenLymph nodesTonsils

In central organs antigen-independent production of uncommitted T lymphocyte (thymus) or B

Bone Marrowis a soft tissue occupying the medullary cavity of a long

Red bone marrow is blood cell forming tissue and it is composed

Red bone marrow is blood cell forming tissue or hematopoietic tissue and

Erythroblastic islands are clusters of developing erythrocytes surrounding macrophages and receiving iron

Bone marrow functions 1. Hematopoiesis. 2. Bone marrow helps destroy old red

ThymusFunctions:1. Production of T- lymphocyte. 2. Production of hormone - thymosinConsists of

ThymusCapsuleLobulesCortexMedullaHassal’s Corpuscles

Cortex--- dark-staining periphery of each lobule. Small lymphocytes predominateMedulla is the light

Figure 5-3 part 1 of 2Differentiation Immature thymocytes are hereMore mature thymocytes are here

Adult ThymusFetal ThymusThe Human Thymus Involutes With Age:

INVOLUTION OF THE THYMUSTwo types:1. Age dependent 2. Accidental involution due

1. Lymphoid (= Lymph, Lymphatic) Nodules (Follicles)

Lymphatic Nodule- have a dark-staining periphery, or mantle zone, that contains tightly packed small lymphocytes,

Lymphatic Noduleand a light-staining core, or germinal center, that contains numerous lymphoblasts

TONSILS underlie the epithelial lining of the mouth and pharynx. palatine tonsils

Peyer’s PatchesSmaller aggregates present under mucous membrane: “Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue” or MALT (in Digestive sys)

CapsulatedAfferent lymphatics ? “subcapsular sinus”Hilum – blood vessels, efferent lymphaticCortex and medullaCortex

LYMPH NODESThese are the smallest but most numerous encapsulated lymphoid organs. Lie

LYMPH NODES-- Inner space consists of reticular connective tissue and has 3

2. Paracortical zone. This is the T-dependent region, It contains mainly T-lymphocytes.3.

Lymphatic vessels inside LN are Sinuses. Types: subcapsular,

SPLEEN ---- Is the largest of the lymphoid organsFunctions:1. Filtration of blood.

Inner space -- Splenic pulp -- is composed of: reticular tissue consisting

White pulp - consists of lymphocytes;-- surround small arteries; --- has 2

Red pulp -- collects blood and makes up most of the spleen

Splenic sinusoids differ from common capillaries: - the lumen is wider and

Open and closed theories of splenic circulation. Blood in the capillaries reaches

Слайды презентации

Слайд 4 The major organs
of the immune system are:
Central:
Bone

marrow
Thymus
Peripheral:
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Tonsils

Слайд 6 In central organs
antigen-independent production of uncommitted T

In central organs antigen-independent production of uncommitted T lymphocyte (thymus) or

lymphocyte (thymus) or B lymphocyte (bone marrow) precursors that

later move to peripheral organs and tissues.

In peripheral organs
lymphocyte production is antigen-dependent and provides committed immunocompetent cells that respond to specific antigens.

Слайд 7 Bone Marrow

is a soft tissue occupying the medullary

Bone Marrowis a soft tissue occupying the medullary cavity of a

cavity of a long bone
There are 2 main types:

red and yellow.

Notice the red marrow and the compact bone

Слайд 8
Red bone marrow is blood cell forming tissue

Red bone marrow is blood cell forming tissue and it is

and
it is composed of stroma (reticular tissue)

and hematopoietic cords.

Слайд 9
Red bone marrow is blood cell forming tissue

Red bone marrow is blood cell forming tissue or hematopoietic tissue

or hematopoietic tissue and
it is composed of

stroma and hematopoietic cords.

Stroma consists of
reticular connective tissue composed of reticular cells and the reticular fibers.
adipocytes (up to 75% of red marrow),
macrophages, and
adventitial cells

Слайд 10 Erythroblastic islands are clusters of developing erythrocytes surrounding

Erythroblastic islands are clusters of developing erythrocytes surrounding macrophages and receiving

macrophages and receiving iron from them.
Sinusoids (capillaries) have

openings in their walls through which maturing blood cells and platelets enter the circulation.

Hematopoietic cords consists of blood cells of all types and at all stages of differentiation

Слайд 11 Bone marrow functions
1. Hematopoiesis.
2. Bone marrow

Bone marrow functions 1. Hematopoiesis. 2. Bone marrow helps destroy old

helps destroy old red blood cells.
3. Recirculation of

the blood and immunocompetent cells.
4. Depot of the blood
5. Immune protection (defence)

Слайд 13 Thymus
Functions:
1. Production of T- lymphocyte.
2. Production of

ThymusFunctions:1. Production of T- lymphocyte. 2. Production of hormone - thymosinConsists

hormone - thymosin

Consists of epithelial reticular cells (Stroma) and

lymphocytes

A thin capsule send septa (trabecula) dividing Thymus into incomplete lobules.

Lobules consists of cortex + medulla

Слайд 15 Thymus
Capsule
Lobules
Cortex
Medulla
Hassal’s Corpuscles

Слайд 16 Cortex--- dark-staining periphery of each lobule. Small lymphocytes

Cortex--- dark-staining periphery of each lobule. Small lymphocytes predominateMedulla is the

predominate

Medulla is the light core of each lobules.

It

has more epithelial reticular cells and fewer lymphocytes than in the cortex.

The spheric Hassall’s corpuscles are composed of concentric layers of flattened epithelial reticular cells.

Слайд 17 Figure 5-3 part 1 of 2

Differentiation
Immature
thymocytes

are here
More mature thymocytes are here

Слайд 20 Adult Thymus
Fetal Thymus
The Human Thymus Involutes With Age:

Слайд 21 INVOLUTION OF THE THYMUS
Two types:1. Age dependent

2. Accidental involution due to some exogenous agent, such

as chemical or radiation insult or severe chronic infections

Слайд 22 Peripheral part of I. S.

Слайд 23 1. Lymphoid (= Lymph, Lymphatic) Nodules (Follicles)

Слайд 24 Lymphatic Nodule
- have a dark-staining periphery, or mantle

zone, that contains tightly packed small lymphocytes,

Слайд 25 Lymphatic Nodule
and a light-staining core, or germinal center,

Lymphatic Noduleand a light-staining core, or germinal center, that contains numerous

that contains numerous lymphoblasts -lymphocytes stimulated by antigens to

enlarge and proliferate.

Слайд 26 TONSILS
underlie the epithelial lining of the mouth

TONSILS underlie the epithelial lining of the mouth and pharynx. palatine

and pharynx.
palatine tonsils (2), pharyngeal tonsil (1),

and lingual (1) tonsils, tubarian (2) tonsils form a ring, they guard the common entrance to the digestive and respiratory tracts.

Most specific structures:
epithelial linings,
lymphatic nodules under the epithelium with lymphatic infiltration and crypts.

Слайд 27 Tonsils

Слайд 28 Palatine Tonsil

Слайд 29 Peyer’s Patches
Smaller aggregates present under mucous membrane: “Mucosa

Associated Lymphoid Tissue” or MALT (in Digestive sys)

Слайд 30

Слайд 31 Capsulated
Afferent lymphatics ? “subcapsular sinus”
Hilum – blood vessels,

CapsulatedAfferent lymphatics ? “subcapsular sinus”Hilum – blood vessels, efferent lymphaticCortex and

efferent lymphatic
Cortex and medulla
Cortex
Lymphatic nodules, germinal centres
“Paracortex” T-dependent

zone
Medulla
Medullary cords and sinusoids

Lymph Node

Слайд 32 LYMPH NODES
These are
the smallest but most numerous

encapsulated lymphoid organs.

Lie in groups along lymphatic vessels
Functions:
1.

Filtration of lymph
2. Lymphocyte production (lymphopoiesis).
3. Immunoglobulin production.

Слайд 33 C
M

Слайд 34 LYMPH NODES

-- Inner space consists of reticular connective

LYMPH NODES-- Inner space consists of reticular connective tissue and has

tissue and has 3 zones:
1. cortex, adjacent to the

convex surface,
2. - a central medulla lying near the depression (hilum) in the concave surface,
and intermediate paracortical zone.

Cortex consists of layer of typical lymphoid nodules

Слайд 35 2. Paracortical zone.
This is the T-dependent region,

2. Paracortical zone. This is the T-dependent region, It contains mainly

It contains mainly T-lymphocytes.

3. Medulla.
is composed of cords

of lymphoid tissue (medullary cords) separated by medullary sinuses.

The cords contain many plasma cells that have migrated from the cortex.

Слайд 36 Lymphatic vessels inside LN are Sinuses.
Types: subcapsular,

peritrabecular,

medullary

Слайд 37

Слайд 38

Слайд 39
SPLEEN --
-- Is the largest of the lymphoid

SPLEEN ---- Is the largest of the lymphoid organsFunctions:1. Filtration of

organs

Functions:
1. Filtration of blood.
2. Lymphocyte production (lymphopoiesis).
3.

Destruction of worn red blood cells
4. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (in embryonic period)

Слайд 40

Inner space -- Splenic pulp -- is composed

Inner space -- Splenic pulp -- is composed of: reticular tissue

of:
reticular tissue consisting of reticular cells and reticular

fibers,
as well as blood vessels -- usual and sinusoid capillaries.

Splenic pulp = White pulp + Red pulp

Слайд 41 White pulp
- consists of lymphocytes;
-- surround small

White pulp - consists of lymphocytes;-- surround small arteries; --- has

arteries;
--- has 2 major components:
Periarterial lymphatic sheaths (PALS)

- W.P. immediately surrounding each small artery (called “central artery”). These contain mainly T lymphocytes and constitute the T-dependent regions of the spleen.
Peripheral white pulp (PWP) -- includes a typical lymphoid nodules (usually with a germinal center). These contain mainly B lymphocytes and constitute the B-dependent regions of the spleen.

Слайд 42 Red pulp -- collects blood and
makes up

Red pulp -- collects blood and makes up most of the

most of the spleen
and also has 2 major

components:
- the red pulp cords and
-- the splenic sinusoids that lie between them.

Слайд 43 Red pulp -- collects blood and
makes up

most of the spleen
and also has 2 major

components:
- the red pulp cords and
-- the splenic sinusoids that lie between them.

The red pulp cords are irregular sheets of reticular connective tissue.
The cords contain
reticular cells and fibers (stroma), formed elements of blood,
dendritic cells, macrophages, plasma cells, and lymphocytes .

Слайд 44 Splenic sinusoids differ from common capillaries:
- the

Splenic sinusoids differ from common capillaries: - the lumen is wider

lumen is wider and more irregular;
- small spaces

between the lining endothelial cells;
--- discontinuous basal lamina.

The marginal zone forms a border between the white and red pulp; it consists of blood sinuses and loose lymphoid tissue containing few lymphocytes.