Презентация на тему Hygiene of water supply

balance.
Participation in heat exchange and thermoregulation.
Transportation function –

Hygienic significance of water

Water physiological functions:
Flexibility – about 65 % of body mass of adult person consists of water.
70 % of water is the intracellular water,
30 % - extracellular water (in blood),
(7%) - lymph and 23 % - intertissue fluid.

Participation in metabolism and interchange of energy.

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the following ways:

As transfer factor of pathogens with the

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL ROLE OF WATER

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people.
People who used the same water source.
Morbidity level will

SYMPTOMS OF WATER EPIDEMICS:

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containing chemical agents
that may negatively influence people health

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used in medicinal purpose for rehabilitation of convalescents (drinking

resort Baden-Baden
and also as tempering factor (bathing, swimming, rubdown).

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for cooking and as a part of dietary intake.
Usage

DOMESTIC AND ECONOMIC ROLE OF WATER

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greenhouses, poultry and cattle breeding farms).

Economical functions of water:

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surface:
1. Middle waters with pressure (artesian) and without pressure.
Middle

CLASSIFICATION OF WATER SUPPLY SOURCES

3. Spring water, flowing out from aquifers that pinch out onto the surface due to descending on the hill slope, in deep ravine.

Spring water

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stagnant waters.
Open-air reservoirs can easily be polluted from

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reservoirs are sewage waters that are created as the

Sources of the surface water reservoirs pollution

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purification) of open air water reservoirs takes place in

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water source environment.
Sanitary-technical inspection of condition of water source

Technique of sanitary inspection of water-supply sources

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is to discover possible sources of water pollution (dumps,

On the basis of sanitary-topographic inspection a map – layout of positional relationship of water source and listed objects.

Sanitary-topographic
Inspection.

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to give a hygienic assessment of condition of technical

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А, В, dysenteries,
virus hepatitis) among population.
Presence of epizootic

Sanitary-epidemiological inspection is aimed to discover and consider the following:

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well the temperature of water is measured by a

Fig. 1. Thermometer for taking temperature of water in reservoirs and wells (а), bathometers for water sampling for analysis (b).
Water sampling from open reservoirs and wells is carried out using bathometers of different design (fig. 1-b).

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which are necessary for getting good quality drinking water,

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Centralized system (water pipeline) includes: source of water, water

Hygienic characteristics of water supply systems of settlements

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concept of the good drinking water quality, it’s quality

CLASSES AND METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT

1

2

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sulphide of mineral origin, much higher content of iron

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

where: 1 – ground source of water–supply
2 – artesian well
3 – lifting pump І
4 – special methods of water treatment
5 – disinfection
6 – pure water reservoir
7 – lifting pump station ІІ
8 – water-supply network.

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suspended materials in their water with more colour, have

2

3

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8

9

10

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12

1

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quality that it cannot be changed according to SS

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water cleaning - removal from mechanical impurity and improvement

METHODS OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF WATER

by upholding and filtration water through filters (slow and

The control efficiency of water cleaning:
а) On оrganoleptic parameters - turbidy, colouring, smell, taste
b) On oxidability water.
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are 2 groups of methods of disinfecting:


1) Physical

effect, but expensive method - the big power consumption

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bactericidal effect. The big power consumption. It is improved

Chemical methods disinfecting of water:

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a hydrolysis of chlorine and formation hydrochloric and chlorinewatic

Chlorine absorbing + residual chlorine = chlorine necessity water.
It is determined at skilled chlorination - on practical lessons. Kutsak A.V. ZSMU

by normal dozes of chlorine - under the control

(viruses of a hepatites).
At pollution water at chlorination are

Lacks water chlorination:

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safety
Water radioactivity – within the limits of set levels.
General

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subgroups:
Physical and organoleptic – combination of organoleptic

Hygienic characteristics of water quality criteria

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substances to evaporate and, producing sensible steam pressure over

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chemical substances, existing in water, to irritate taste buds,

aftertastes of water there is a standard five-point scale:

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experiences in people. Scale:


Smell and smack - up

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depends on humic substances, which are washed out from

Colouring or chromaticity of water - up to 20 degrees.
It is determined on a scale of ampoules with a chrom-cobalt solution with different color.

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that depends on
the content of suspended substances of

Turbidy - up to 1,5 mg/l or transparency - 30 sm. It is determined with the help of special flasks – in norm must be opportunity reading the text through a layer of water in 30 sm.

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Organoleptic properties of water.
According to the international standard the

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of solutes, mainly mineral salts (90 %), in 1 litre

Saltish and salt water has unpleasant taste.
Use of such water is accompanied by increase of hydrophilia of tissues, water retention in body, decrease of diuresis by 30 — 60 %, in consequence of which, load on cardiovascular system increases, it can cause dyspepsia, it also causes aggressive clinical behaviour and serious clinical course of nephrolithiasis and cholelithiasis.

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of water supply source pollution with acidic or alkaline

Hydrogen index (pH value) —within the range of 6.5 to 8.5.

Determination of pH value.

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water that depends upon the presence of so-called salts

Sudden change from soft water to hard water can cause dyspepsia. In regions with hot climate use of water with high hardness causes deterioration of urolithiasis clinical course.
Water with hardness value more than 10 mg-equiv/l increases endemic goiter risk. High hardness causes dermatitis initiation.

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big concentration - change taste of water more than

The contents chlorides – up to 350 mg/l.

points.
At increase - oppression gastric secretion, break intestinal

The contents sulfates – up to 500 mg / l.

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mg/l.

4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 = 4Fe(OH)3
Fe hydroxide

climate it is possible 0,7 mg / l -

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– are indices of maximum allowable concentrations of chemical

Chemical substances of natural origin (beryllium, molybdenum, arsenic, lead, nitrates, fluorine, selenium, strontium) cause initiation of endemic diseases (endemic fluorosis and endemic caries). Kutsak A.V. ZSMU

result of industrial, agricultural and domestic pollution of water

subdivided into 2 subgroups
the sanitary and microbiological criteria

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pollution of water are used:
1. Total number of microorganisms

Sanitary and microbiological crit eria of epidemic safety of water

some infectious diseases


Epidemiological value of water
Intestinal infections - belly

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presence pathogenic microbes
Indirect - deterioration organoleptic parameters, growth chlorides,

Attributes of epidemiological danger of water:

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flash of diseases with the certain water source.
After realization

Attributes of water epidemic (epidemic with water-way transmission):

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(BCO).
The important parameter of amount of organic substances

Sanitary and chemical criteria of epidemic safety of water:

in water practically should not be, nitrates - up

of water pipeline and all the components of water

Sanitary inspection of centralized water supply is subdivided into preventive one and regular.

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operation, the following sanitary protection zones are to be

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more detailed regular periodical inspection, sporadic one, even urgent

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