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Why do research?
Validate intuition
Improve methods
Demands of the
Job
For publication
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Choose a subject
Based on an idea
Based on your
experience
Based on your reading
Originality
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Choose a study design
Case report
Case series
Case controlled study
Cross
sectional
Cohort
Retrospective comparison
Prospective Comparison
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A Case report
Description of one interesting and unusual
case
This is anecdotal and may form the basis for
further study
This may be the only way to report on something very rare
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Case series
Description of several cases in which no
attempt is made to answer specific hypotheses or compare
results with another group of cases.
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Cross sectional study
A survey of the frequency of
disease, risk factors or other characteristics in a defined
population at one particular point in time.
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Cohort study
An observational study of a group of
people with a specific characteristic or disease who are
followed over a period of time to detect change
Comparison with control group is allowed
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Case control study
An observational study where characteristics of
people with a disease (cases) are compared with selected
people without the disease (controls)
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Controlled Trials
An experimental study in which an intervention
is applied to one group and the outcome compared
with that in a similar group (controls) not receiving the intervention
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Adequacy of design
Best study is a randomised controlled
double blind
Not possible in all cases
May be unethical to
treat or withhold treatment
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Adequacy of study
Study sample
must be representative
large
enough size to ensure sufficient power
Quality control
Accurate measurements
Compliance of
cases and controls
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Define Your objectives
Try to keep these simple
The more
variables the more difficult
However use the opportunity
Get help
at this stage
Senior colleagues
Experienced researchers
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Literature search
Check to see if your idea is
original
Look for a new slant to present
Try to get
the full article
Read all the references
Most of these will be vital when writing up
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The protocol
Write out introduction and methodology in detail
Give
it to people to read to check for major
flaws
Get help at this stage
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Basics of the protocol
This where you start writing
the paper
Write intro, methods in detail
Ethical considerations
Analytical methods in
detail
Budget
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The study
Assignment of roles
Projected time to completion
Get all
equipment before start
Get ethical approval
Get funding
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The study
Responsibility
Data collection
Accurate testing and measurements
Stick to
the protocol
Sample size
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Writing the paper
Two reasons your papers are rejected
Content
Format
Get
a copy of the Journal you wish to publish
in similar article or detailed instructions
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Writing up
Your paper is reviewed by experts
Get
help before sending it away
Reading a protocol or a
paper or offering advice does not entitle one to become an author on a paper
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Authorship
Should be directly involved at the
Idea stage
Protocol
development
Actual performance of the study
Interpretation of results
Writing up
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Term delivery after intrauterine relocation of an ectopic
pregnancy
Pearce, Mayonde and Chamberlain. British Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology 1984 101:746