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Презентация на тему Intonation and prosody

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2. Phonemes, syllables and words,as lower – level
3. Every concrete utterance, alongside of its phonemic
4. Most Soviet phoneticians define intonation as a
5. Acoustically, intonation is a complex combination of varying fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration
6. Speech melody is primarily related with
7. On the articulatory, or production, level intonation
8. There is no single mechanism to which
9. The definition of intonation
10. David Jones writes: «Intonation may be defined
11. Alongside of term «intonation» the term «prosody»
12. Some phoneticians apply the term prosody and
13. Jakobson says that the prosody is one
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Phonemes, syllables and words,as lower – level linguistic units,are grouped by various prosodic means into a higher unit – the utterance!

Every concrete utterance, alongside of its phonemic and syllable structures has a

Most Soviet phoneticians define intonation as a complex unity of speech melody,

Acoustically, intonation is a complex combination of varying fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration

Speech melody is primarily related with fundamental frequency, tempo – with

On the articulatory, or production, level intonation is also a complex phenomenon.

There is no single mechanism to which the production of stress can

The definition of intonation given above is a broad

David Jones writes: «Intonation may be defined as the variations which take

Alongside of term «intonation» the term «prosody» is widely used. «Prosody» and

Some phoneticians apply the term prosody and prosodic only to the features

Jakobson says that the prosody is one of the most difficult and

Questions: 1) Give the definition of intonation 2)Who has studied the intonation?

Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 Phonemes, syllables and words,as lower – level linguistic

Phonemes, syllables and words,as lower – level linguistic units,are grouped by

units,are grouped by various prosodic means into a higher

unit – the utterance!

Слайд 3 Every concrete utterance, alongside of its phonemic and

Every concrete utterance, alongside of its phonemic and syllable structures has

syllable structures has a certain prosodic structure, or intonation.

Слайд 4 Most Soviet phoneticians define intonation as a complex

Most Soviet phoneticians define intonation as a complex unity of speech

unity of speech melody, sentence stress, tempo, rhythm and

voice timbre which enables the speaker to express his thoughts, emotions and attitudes towards the contents of the utterance and the hearer. Speech melody, sentence stress, tempo, rhythm and timbre are all components of intonation. These are perceptible qualities of intonation.

Слайд 5 Acoustically, intonation is a complex combination of varying

fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration

Слайд 6
Speech melody is primarily related with fundamental frequency,

Speech melody is primarily related with fundamental frequency, tempo –

tempo – with duration. But there is no one-to-one

relation between any of the acoustic parameters and such components of intonation as stress and rhythm.

Слайд 7 On the articulatory, or production, level intonation is

On the articulatory, or production, level intonation is also a complex

also a complex phenomenon. In the production of speech

melody the subglottal , laryngeal and supraglottal respiratory muscles regulate the subglottal air – pressure, which makes the vocal cords vibrate. An increase of subglottal pressure raises the pitch of the voice, and its decrease lowers the pitch.

Слайд 8 There is no single mechanism to which the

There is no single mechanism to which the production of stress

production of stress can be attributed. Electromyographic studies of

the activity of the internal intercostals shows that bursts of intercostal activity correlate with the nuclear stress of the utterance. But physiological correlates of different degrees of stress haven’t as yet been established.

Слайд 9 The definition of intonation given above

is a broad definition. It reflects the actual interconnection

and interaction of melody, stress, tempo, rhythm and timbre in speech.

Слайд 10 David Jones writes: «Intonation may be defined as

David Jones writes: «Intonation may be defined as the variations which

the variations which take place in the pitch of

the voice in connected speech, i.e. variations in the pitch of the musical note produced by the variations of the vocal cords.»

Слайд 11 Alongside of term «intonation» the term «prosody» is

Alongside of term «intonation» the term «prosody» is widely used. «Prosody»

widely used. «Prosody» and «prosodic» denote non-segmental phenomena, i.e.

those which do not enter into the system of segmental phonemes

Слайд 12 Some phoneticians apply the term prosody and prosodic

Some phoneticians apply the term prosody and prosodic only to the

only to the features pertaining to the syllable and

phonetic word, or rhythmic unit and oppose prosody to intonation.

Whatever the views on the linguistic nature of prosodic phenomena, the phonic substance of prosody is regarded by all phoneticians as the modifications of fundamental frequency, intensity and duration. The most complicated and unsolved problems of prosody are the interaction between its acoustic properties, their functioning in speech and their systematization.