Презентация на тему The accentual structure of english words

on the accentual patterns of English words.
The sequence of

syllables in the word is not pronounced identically. The syllable or syllables which are uttered with more prominence than the other syllables of the word are said to be stressed or accented. The correlation of varying prominences of syllables in a word is understood as the accentual structure of the word or its stress pattern.

section with the nature of word stress. According to A.C.Gimson, the

effect of prominence is achieved by any or all of four factors:

· loudness (a louder syllables is perceived as more prominent)
· pitch (especially the change of pitch level)
· the length of a syllable (a longer syllable is perceived as stressed)
· the vowel quality (long vowels and diphthongs are generally more prominent than short vowels, while among short vowels themselves open ones are more prominent, and [ɪ-ʊ-ə] are the least prominent)

languages such as English, German, French, Russian, etc. are

said to have the dynamic stress which implies greater force with which the syllable is pronounced.

The musical (tonic) word stress is observed in Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, etc. The meaning of words in these languages depends on the variations of voice pitch in relation to neighbouring syllables

stress. Phonetic prominence of a syllable in a word

is relative, i.e. compared with the preceding one.

Phonologically, there are only three degrees: primary - the strongest, secondary and weak (or unstressed):

 eˌxamiˈnation, ˌorganiˈsation.

is as weak as secondary but has a different

distribution:

it follows the primary stress, while the secondary stress precedes it. Tertiary stress is usually found in American English:

of tempo as well
In this case secondary stresses are

dropped. It sometimes happens that a word’s stress pattern is influenced not only by rhythm, but also by the stress structure of a derivative: 
preˈfer - preˈferable (instead of the regular ˈpreferable; ˌ
distriˈbution - ˈdistribute (instead of the regular diˈstribute.

which usually falls on the syllable marked by word

stress. So the arrangement of stresses in an utterance depends on the stress patterns of words

ˈLet’s buy an ˈice-cream. 

following:
constitutive
identificatory
distinctive

word by making one (or more) syllables more prominent

than the others, it organizes the syllables of a word into a language unit.
Thus the word stress performs the constitutive function.

of words or their forms, thus performing its distinctive function:

ˈcontent – conˈtent; ˈinsult – inˈsult; ˈconcrete – conˈcrete.