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Презентация на тему Magruder’s American Government. Origins of American Government

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2. C H A P T E R
3. Chapter 2, Section 1S E C T
4. The English colonists in America brought
5. Important English DocumentsThe way our government works
6. The Thirteen ColoniesChapter 2, Section 1There were
7. Section 1 Review1. All of the following
8. S E C T I O N
9. Chapter 2, Section 23415British Colonial PoliciesUntil the
10. Growing Colonial UnityEarly AttemptsIn 1643, several New
11. The Continental CongressesChapter 2, Section 23415First Continental
12. American IndependenceOn July 4, 1776, the Second
13. Common Features of State ConstitutionsChapter 2, Section
14. Section 2 Review1. The Declaration of Independence
15. Chapter 2, Section 3S E C T
16. The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation
17. Weaknesses of the Articles of ConfederationChapter 2, Section 32415
18. A Call for a Stronger GovernmentChapter 2,
19. Section 3 Review1. The government set up
20. S E C T I O N
21. Framers of the ConstitutionChapter 2, Section 42315
22. Framers of the Constitution
23. Framers of the Constitution
24. Chapter 2, Section 42315Different Constitutional PlansThe Virginia
25. Constitutional CompromisesThe Connecticut Compromise Delegates agreed on
26. Influences on and Reactions to the New
27. Section 4 Review1. The first national government
28. Chapter 2, Section 1S E C T
29. The Federalists and Anti-FederalistsThe Constitution was very
30. The Constitution is RatifiedChapter 2, Section 53412Nine
31. Inaugurating the GovernmentChapter 2, Section 52413The new
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C H A P T E R 2 Origins of American GovernmentSECTION 1 Our Political BeginningsSECTION 2 The Coming of IndependenceSECTION 3 The Critical PeriodSECTION 4 Creating the ConstitutionSECTION 5 Ratifying the ConstitutionChapter 223415

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Magruder’s American Government. Origins of American Government

© 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.Magruder’s American GovernmentC H A P T

The English colonists in America brought with them three main concepts:Basic

Important English DocumentsThe way our government works today can be traced to

The Thirteen ColoniesChapter 2, Section 1There were three types of colonies in

Section 1 Review1. All of the following are basic concepts of government

S E C T I O N 2 The Coming of IndependenceWhat

Chapter 2, Section 23415British Colonial PoliciesUntil the mid-1700s, the colonies were allowed

Growing Colonial UnityEarly AttemptsIn 1643, several New England settlements formed the New

The Continental CongressesChapter 2, Section 23415First Continental CongressThe colonists sent a Declaration

American IndependenceOn July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration

Common Features of State ConstitutionsChapter 2, Section 23415The principle of popular sovereignty

Section 2 Review1. The Declaration of Independence was signed in(a) 1765.(b) 1776.(c)

The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation established “a firm league of

Weaknesses of the Articles of ConfederationChapter 2, Section 32415

A Call for a Stronger GovernmentChapter 2, Section 32415Representatives from Maryland and

Section 3 Review1. The government set up by the Articles of Confederation

S E C T I O N 4 Creating the ConstitutionWho were

Framers of the ConstitutionChapter 2, Section 42315

Chapter 2, Section 42315Different Constitutional PlansThe Virginia PlanThree branches of governmentBicameral legislature“National

Constitutional CompromisesThe Connecticut Compromise Delegates agreed on a bicameral Congress, one segment

Influences on and Reactions to the New ConstitutionInfluencesThe Framers were familiar with

Section 4 Review1. The first national government for the United States was(a)

Chapter 2, Section 1S E C T I O N 5 Ratifying

The Federalists and Anti-FederalistsThe Constitution was very controversial at first, with some

The Constitution is RatifiedChapter 2, Section 53412Nine States ratified the Constitution by

Inaugurating the GovernmentChapter 2, Section 52413The new Congress met for the first

Section 5 Review1. The debate over the ratification of the Constitution was

Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 C H A P T E R 2

Origins of American Government
SECTION 1 Our Political Beginnings
SECTION 2 The Coming

of Independence
SECTION 3 The Critical Period
SECTION 4 Creating the Constitution
SECTION 5 Ratifying the Constitution

Chapter 2

Слайд 3 Chapter 2, Section 1
S E C T I

O N 1 Our Political Beginnings
What basic concepts of government

were held by American colonists?
Which important English documents have had the most influence on our government?
How were the governments of the thirteen colonies organized?

Слайд 4
The English colonists in America brought with

The English colonists in America brought with them three main

them three main concepts:
Basic Concepts of Government
The need for

an ordered social system, or government.
The idea of limited government, that is, that government should not be all-powerful.
The concept of representative government—a government that serves the will of the people.

Chapter 2, Section 1

Слайд 5 Important English Documents
The way our government works today

Important English DocumentsThe way our government works today can be traced

can be traced to important documents in history:
Chapter 2,

Section 1

Слайд 6 The Thirteen Colonies
Chapter 2, Section 1
There were three

types of colonies in North America: royal, proprietary, and

charter.

The royal colonies were ruled directly by the English monarchy.
The King granted land to people in North America, who then formed proprietary colonies.
The charter colonies were mostly self-governed, and their charters were granted to the colonists.

Слайд 7 Section 1 Review
1. All of the following are

Section 1 Review1. All of the following are basic concepts of

basic concepts of government brought to the colonies by

English settlers EXCEPT
(a) the need for limited government.
(b) the need for a representative government.
(c) the need for an autocratic government.
(d) the need for an ordered social system.

2. Which of the following was not one of the rights granted in the Magna Carta?
(a) The right to private property.
(b) The right to a trial by jury.
(c) The right to freedom of religion.
(d) The right to undergo due process of the law.

Chapter 2, Section 1

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Слайд 8 S E C T I O N 2 The

Coming of Independence
What were Britain’s colonial policies and how

did the colonists react to them?
What were the outcomes of the First and Second Continental Congresses?
How did American independence come about, and what were its effects?

Chapter 2, Section 2

Слайд 9 Chapter 2, Section 2

3

4

1

5
British Colonial Policies
Until the mid-1700s,

the colonies were allowed a great deal of freedom

in their governments by the English monarchy.
In 1760, King George III imposed new taxes and laws on the colonists.
The colonists started a confederation, proposed an annual congress, and began to rebel.

Слайд 10 Growing Colonial Unity
Early Attempts
In 1643, several New England

Growing Colonial UnityEarly AttemptsIn 1643, several New England settlements formed the

settlements formed the New England Confederation.
A confederation is a

joining of several groups for a common purpose.

The Albany Plan
In 1754, Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union, in which an annual congress of delegates (representatives) from each of the 13 colonies would be formed.

Chapter 2, Section 2

The Stamp Act Congress
In 1765, a group of colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York.
These delegates prepared the Declaration of Rights and Grievances against British policies and sent it to the king.

Слайд 11 The Continental Congresses
Chapter 2, Section 2

3

4

1

5
First Continental Congress
The

The Continental CongressesChapter 2, Section 23415First Continental CongressThe colonists sent a

colonists sent a Declaration of Rights to King George

III.
The delegates urged each of the colonies to refuse all trade with England until British tax and trade regulations were repealed, or recalled.

Second Continental Congress
In 1775, each of the 13 colonies sent representatives to this gathering in Philadelphia.
The Second Continental Congress served as the first government of the United States from 1776 to 1781.

Слайд 12 American Independence
On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental

American IndependenceOn July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the

Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence.

Between 1776 and

1777, most of the States adopted constitutions instead of charters.

Chapter 2, Section 2

Слайд 13 Common Features of State Constitutions
Chapter 2, Section 2

3

4

1

5
The

principle of popular sovereignty was the basis for every

new State constitution. That principle says that government can exist and function only with the consent of the governed. The people hold power and the people are sovereign.

The concept of limited government was a major feature of each State constitution. The powers delegated to government were granted reluctantly and hedged with many restrictions.

In every State it was made clear that the sovereign people held certain rights that the government must respect at all times. Seven of the new constitutions contained a bill of rights, setting out the “unalienable rights” held by the people.

The powers granted to the new State governments were purposely divided among three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. Each branch was given powers with which to check (restrain the actions of) the other branches of the government.

Слайд 14 Section 2 Review
1. The Declaration of Independence was

Section 2 Review1. The Declaration of Independence was signed in(a) 1765.(b)

signed in
(a) 1765.
(b) 1776.
(c) 1781.
(d) 1787.

2. The Stamp Act

of 1765 was a law enacted by the British that
(a) increased the colonists’ taxes.
(b) was repealed by the Magna Carta.
(c) the colonists ratified one year later.
(d) raised the price of postage stamps by two cents.

Chapter 2, Section 2

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Слайд 15 Chapter 2, Section 3
S E C T I

O N 3 The Critical Period
What were the Articles of

Confederation?
Why were the 1780s a critical period in United States history?
What did America do to create a stronger government in the 1780s?

Слайд 16 The Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation established

The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation established “a firm league

“a firm league of friendship” among the States.
Chapter 2,

Section 3

Powers
Congress was given the power to declare war, deal with national finance issues, and settle disputes among the States.

Obligations
The States promised to obey Congress, and to respect the laws of the other States. Most other powers were retained by each State.

Слайд 17 Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
Chapter 2, Section

3

2

4

1

5

Слайд 18 A Call for a Stronger Government
Chapter 2, Section

3

2

4

1

5
Representatives from Maryland and Virginia met at Mount Vernon,

Virginia, in 1785 to discuss trade issues.
The meeting was so successful that the Virginia General Assembly requested a meeting of all thirteen States, which eventually became the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.

Слайд 19 Section 3 Review
1. The government set up by

Section 3 Review1. The government set up by the Articles of

the Articles of Confederation had
(a) the power to

make treaties and build a navy.
(b) a bicameral congress.
(c) separation of powers.
(d) a President to carry out its laws.

2. Which of the following was a weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
(a) Congress could not make treaties.
(b) Congress could not borrow money.
(c) The States did not agree to obey the Articles.
(d) Congress could not lay or collect taxes or duties.

Chapter 2, Section 3

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Слайд 20 S E C T I O N 4 Creating

S E C T I O N 4 Creating the ConstitutionWho

the Constitution
Who were the Framers of the Constitution?
What were

the differences between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?
What were some of the compromises on which the Constitutional Convention agreed?
What sources did the delegates draw on and how did they react when they completed the Constitution?

Chapter 2, Section 4

Слайд 21 Framers of the Constitution
Chapter 2, Section 4

2

3

1

5

Слайд 22 Framers of the Constitution

Слайд 23 Framers of the Constitution

Слайд 24 Chapter 2, Section 4

2

3

1

5
Different Constitutional Plans
The Virginia Plan
Three

Chapter 2, Section 42315Different Constitutional PlansThe Virginia PlanThree branches of governmentBicameral

branches of government
Bicameral legislature
“National Executive” and “National Judiciary”

The New

Jersey Plan
Unicameral Congress
Equal representation for States of different sizes
More than one federal executive

Слайд 25 Constitutional Compromises
The Connecticut Compromise
Delegates agreed on a

Constitutional CompromisesThe Connecticut Compromise Delegates agreed on a bicameral Congress, one

bicameral Congress, one segment with equal representation for States,

and the other with representation proportionate to the States’ populations.
The Three-Fifths Compromise
The Framers decided to count a slave as three-fifths of a person when determining the population of a State.
The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
Congress was forbidden from taxing exported goods, and was not allowed to act on the slave trade for 20 years.

Chapter 2, Section 4

Слайд 26 Influences on and Reactions to the New Constitution
Influences
The Framers

Influences on and Reactions to the New ConstitutionInfluencesThe Framers were familiar

were familiar with the political writings of their time,

such as works by Jean Jacques Rousseau and John Locke.
They also were seasoned, variously, by the Second Continental Congress, the Articles of Confederation and experiences with their own State governments.

Chapter 2, Section 4

Reactions
When the Constitution was complete, the Framers’ opinions of their work varied. Some were disappointed, like George Mason of Virginia, who opposed the Constitution until his death in 1792.
Most agreed with Ben Franklin’s thoughts when he said,
“From such an assembly [of fallible men] can a perfect production be expected? It…astonishes me, Sir, to find this system approaching so near to perfection as it does…”

Слайд 27 Section 4 Review
1. The first national government for

Section 4 Review1. The first national government for the United States

the United States was
(a) the First Continental Congress.
(b) the

Second Continental Congress.
(c) the Articles of Confederation.
(d) the Constitution of the United States.

2. The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia involved delegates from each of the following states except
(a) Maryland.
(b) Rhode Island.
(c) New York.
(d) Virginia.

Chapter 2, Section 4

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Слайд 28 Chapter 2, Section 1
S E C T I

O N 5 Ratifying the Constitution
Who were the Federalists and

the Anti-Federalists?
How long did the ratification of the Constitution take?
What happened after its ratification?

Слайд 29 The Federalists and Anti-Federalists
The Constitution was very controversial

The Federalists and Anti-FederalistsThe Constitution was very controversial at first, with

at first, with some groups supporting it, and others

attacking it.

Chapter 2, Section 5

Federalists thought that the Articles of Confederation were weak, and argued for the ratification of the Constitution.

Anti-Federalists objected to the Constitution for many reasons, including the strong central government and the lack of a bill of rights.

Слайд 30 The Constitution is Ratified
Chapter 2, Section 5

3

4

1

2
Nine States

The Constitution is RatifiedChapter 2, Section 53412Nine States ratified the Constitution

ratified the Constitution by June 21, 1788, but the

new government needed the ratification of the large States of New York and Virginia.
Great debates were held in both States, with Virginia ratifying the Constitution June 25, 1788.
New York’s ratification was hard fought. Supporters of the Constitution published a series of essays known as The Federalist.

Слайд 31 Inaugurating the Government
Chapter 2, Section 5

2

4

1

3
The new Congress

Inaugurating the GovernmentChapter 2, Section 52413The new Congress met for the

met for the first time on March 4, 1789.
Congress

finally attained a quorum (majority) on April 6 and counted the electoral votes. Congress found that George Washington had been unanimously elected President. He was inaugurated on April 30.