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The map of London
Big Ben
Buckingham Palace
10 Downing Street
Trafalgar
Square
London Eye
Tower Bridge
Tower of London
Palace of Westminster
The Globe Theatre
Westminster
Abby
30 St. Mary Axe
St. Paul’s Cathedral
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This is a rough map of London
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London has many interesting places to visit and
some of the finest parks in the world. Have
a look at it. Walk the streets. You can see the Houses of Parliament, the famous clock tower Big Ben, the Tower, the London Eye!
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Big Ben
The famous clock big Ben stands near
the Houses of Parliament. Big Ben is a big
bell. The clock has four faces and five big bells. The biggest bell is known as Big Ben.
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The bell is named after Sir Benjamin Hall;
the first commissioner (уполномоченный) of works when the Houses
of Parliament were rebuilt in 1850. He was a tall man, whose nickname was Big Ben.
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So people know the clock as Big Ben.
You hear it every hour. The bell weighs 13
720 kilograms. It has a deep tone and you can hear it on the radio: “This is BBC. The time is six o’clock”. And then you hear the deep boom of Big Ben of six times.
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Big Ben looks most attractively at night when
the clock faces are illuminated. You even know when
parliament is in session, because a light shines above the clock face.
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Questions
1. Where does Big Ben stand?
2. Who was
the bell named after?
3. Who was Ser Benjamin Hall?
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Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is the Queen’s official London
residence and is used to receive and entertain guests
on state, ceremonial and official occasions for Royal Family. The Queen has four palaces in Britain.
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The Buckingham Palace is located between the
Green Park, Hyde Park and St. James’s Park. During
August and September you can go inside Buckingham Palace.
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The Palace is very big. You can see
19 of the rooms, ballroom and gardens, the gallery
with the Royal family’s greatest treasures including paintings and finest French and English furniture. If the Queen’s flag is flying outside the palace, it means that the Queen is at home.
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Questions
1. What is the Queen’s official residence?
Where is
Buckingham Palace located?
When can guests go inside Buckingham Palace?
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10 Downing Street
10 Downing street is the residence
and office of the Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom and the headquarters of Her Majesty’s Government.
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Downing Street is located in the Whitehall in
the central London, a few minutes’ walk from the
Houses of Parliament and a little farther from Buckingham Palace. It is actually the official residence of the First Lord of Treasury, but in modern times this post has always been simultaneously with the office of Prime Minister.
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Questions
1. Where is Downing Street located?
2. Whose residence
is in 10 Downing Street?
3. How far is it
from the Houses of Parliament?
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Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of
London. It was so named to commemorate Admiral Nelson’s
victory at the Battle of Trafalgar.
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In the middle of the square there is
a very famous monument Nelson’s Column with the statue
of Lord Horatio Nelson on the top. The Column is over 170 feet high.
Its pedestal is decorated with bas-reliefs of famous naval battles. At the base of Nelson’s column are four great lions.
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Trafalgar Square has become famous as a point
for all kinds of demonstrations, marches and political meetings.
Each
year in December, the people of Norway send a gift of an enormous Christmas tree to Britain which is erected in Trafalgar Square. This is thanks for Britain’s part in liberation during the Second World War.
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Questions
1. Why was Trafalgar Square so named?
2. Where
is the Column of Nelson situated?
3. What can you
tell about Christmas tree in Trafalgar Square?
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London Eye
The London Eye is a giant observation
wheel situated on the bank of the river Themes.
It is 135 meters high. As the wheel turn it stops to allow tourists to see fantastic views over the city. It takes half an hour for the London Eye to complete one rotation.
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Since opening in March 2000 the London Eye
has become a symbol of modern Britain. The London
Eye is visited by over 3.5 million people a year.
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The wheel carries 32 sealed and air-conditioned egg-shaped
passenger capsules. Each 10 tones capsule holds 25 people,
who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is provided.
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Questions
1. Where is the London Eye situated?
2.
Since what time has the London Eye become a
symbol of modern Britain?
3. How many tourists visit the London Eye a year?
4. How many passengers does the wheel carry?
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Tower Bridge
Tower Bridge is the most famous bridge
in London over the River Thames. It is close
to the Tower of London, which gives it its name. Sir John Wolfe Barry designed it.
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The bridge consists of two towers which are
tied together. The bridge was officially opened on 30
June 1894 by the Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VII), and his wife.
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The bridge is 244 m (800 feet) in
length with two towers each 65 m (213 feet)
high.
Thousands of tourists visit Tower Bridge every year.
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Questions
1. What is the most famous bridge in
London?
2. How did it get its name?
3. When was
Tower Bridge officially opened?
4. Who designed Tower Bridge?
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Tower of London. The White Tower
The Tower of
London is one of the most imposing and popular
of London’s historical sites. Now it is the museum. It comprises 20 towers. The oldest is the White Tower, dates back to the 11th century and the time of William the Conqueror.
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Nowadays a lot of tourists visit the Tower
of London, because of the Tower’s evil reputation as
a prison. The Tower has got Beefeaters, ravens, the Crown Jewels. The royal Crown has got three hundred jewels on it and the celebrated Indian diamond.
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Many stories associated with British history come from
the Tower. In 1483 King Edward IV’s two sons
were murdered in the so-called Bloody Tower. Over two centuries later the skeletons of two little boys were found buried beneath steps in the White Tower.
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The ravens, huge black birds, are an official
part of the Tower . Legend states that if
the ravens were to leave the Tower the Crown will fall and Britain with it. Under the special care of the Raven Master, the ravens eat raw meat every day. And there is no danger of them flying away, because their wings are clipped.
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Questions
1. What is the most imposing and popular
historical sites in London?
2. How many towers does the
Tower of London comprise?
3. When was the Tower of London founded?
What is the Tower of London famous for?
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Palace of Westminster, Westminster Bridge
The Palace of Westminster
also known as the Houses of Parliament is the
seat of Britain’s two parliamentary houses, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
In the middle of the 11th century, King Edward the Confessor had moved his court to the Palace of Westminster, situated on the central site near the river Thames.
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In 1265 a parliament was created with two
houses: the Lords and the Commons. The House of
Lords met at the Palace of Westminster while the House of Commons did the not have a permanent location. After King Henry VIII moved his court to Whitehall Palace in 1530, the House of Lords continued to meet in Westminster. In 1547, the House of Commons also moved here, confirming Westminster as the central seat of government, a position it still holds today.
The House of Lords
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The tower opposite Big Ben is the Victoria
Tower, built in the 1860. The tower contains the
records of both the House of Lords and the House of Commons since 1497. During the parliamentary year the Union Flag is hoisted on the top of the 98m tall tower.
The Queen, who is the Head of State, opens and closes Parliament. All new laws are discussed by MPs in the Commons, then debated in the Lords, and finally signed by the Queen. All three are part of Parliament in Britain.
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Westminster Bridge is a road and foot traffic
bridge over the River Thames. For over 500 years,
the nearest bridge to London Bridge was at Kingston. Proposals for a bridge at Westminster had been made as early as 1664.
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The current bridge was designed by Thomas Page
and opened in 1862. The bridge is painted green,
the same colour as the leather seats in the House of Commons which is on the side of Palace of Westminster nearest the bridge. This is in contrast to Lambeth Bridge which is red, the same colour as the seats in the House of Lords and is the opposite side of the Houses of Parliament.
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It links the Palace of Westminster on the
west side of the river with county Hall and
London Eye on the east and was the finishing point during the early years of the London Marathon.
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Questions
1. Where is the seat of Britain’s two
parliamentary houses?
2. What is opposite Big Ben?
3. When was
the Victoria Tower built?
Who is the Head of State?
What does Westminster Bridge link?
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The Globe Theatre
The Globe theatre has long been
associated with Williams Shakespeare belonged, opened in 1559.
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Unfortunately, the original Globe Theatre burn to the
ground during a performance of Shakespeare’s Henry VII in
1997. It is located on Bankside, about 183 meters from the original site. It was the first buildings with a thatched roof allowed to be built in London since the Great Fire of 1666.
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Similar to the original, the stage of the
new Globe Theater extends into a large circular yard,
which is surrounded by three tiers of very steep seating. The most expensive seats are covered. All others are exposed, which is why plays are held here only during the summer months. Additional standing erect during the production.
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Questions
1. With what name is the Globe
Theater associated?
2. Where is the Globe Theatre located?
3. Why
are plays help only during the summer months?
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Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey is a Gothic monastery church
is London that is the tradition place of coronation
and burin for English monarchs. Westminster Abbey is famous for its architecture, for its historic associated.
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Westminster Abbey has its world famed Poet’s corner
where many of the greatest English writers are buried:
Chaucer, Ch. Dickens, Tennyson, Thomas Hardly and Rudyard Kipling. Here, too, are to the great American poet Longfellow. Westminster Abbey is a place of worship owned by the royal family.
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Questions
1. Is Westminster Abbey a church or a
palace?
2. What is Westminster Abbey famous for?
3. Who is
buried in Westminster Abbey?
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30 St. Mary Axe
30 St. Mary Axe
Building is a skyscraper in London’s main financial district,
the City of London.
Originally known as the Swiss Re building, it was later renamed to its street address 30 St. Mary Axe after Swiss Re sold the building in 2007. Even before its construction was complete Londoners nicknamed the building the “Gherking” for its distinctive shape, and it is still known by that name.
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The skyscraper was built in 2004 after a
modern glass and steel design by the architectural firm
of Foster and Partners. With 41 floors, the tower is 180 meters (591 ft) tall. The cigar-shaped structure has steel frame with circular floor plans and a glass facade with diamond-shaped panels.
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The top of the tower, where visitors find
an open hall covered by a glass conical dome
is spectacular. From here you have great views over the city. The building is not open to the public. Its unique and efficient design has won the Gherkin many awards.
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Questions
1. What is the nickname of the building?
2.
Who nicknamed the St. Mary Axe Building the “Gherkin”
and why?
3. St. Mary Axe Building is a skyscraper, isn’t it?
What is at the top of the building?
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St. Paul’s Cathedral
The city’s greatest monument, St. Paul’s
Cathedral was built by Christopher Wren between 1675 and
1710. Unfortunately Christopher Wren died before the completion. He is buried there.
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The Cathedral is one of the Europe’s largest
cathedrals and it is second in size only to
St. Peter’s in Rome. The famous dome reaches a height of 111 meter (366 ft) and weight about 66,000 tons. On top of the dome is a large lantern with a weight of 850 tons.
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560 steps lead visitors along three galleries all
the way to the top of the dome. The
first gallery, the Whispering Gallery, just inside the dome, is renowned for its acoustics. The second gallery, the Stone Gallery, is situated at a height of 53 meter (174 ft) on the outside of the dome, right on top of the colonnade. On top of the dome, at a height of 85 meter (279 ft), is the narrow Golden Gallery, encircling the lantern’s base. Here you have a magnificent view over the City.
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The church was the site of a number
of important historic events such as the funeral of
Admiral Nelson in 1806 and the funeral of Winston Churchill in 1965. Prince Charles and Diana Spencer married here in 1981.
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Questions
1. Who built St. Paul’s Cathedral?
2. When was
it built?
3. What historic events were in St. Paul’s
Cathedral?
