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ЧТО ТАКОЕ СТРАТЕГИИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ЯЗЫКАМ ?
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Memory Strategies
Cognitive Strategies
Compensation Strategies
Metacognitive Strategies
Affective Strategies
Social Strategies
запоминание
познание
восполнение
самопознание
эмоции
взаимопонимание
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Direct Strategies
I. Memory strategies
A.Creating mental linkages
Grouping, Associating/elaborating, Contextualizing words
B. Applying images and sounds
Imagery, Semantic Mapping, Sounds in Memory
C. Reviewing well
Structured reviewing
D. Employing action
Physical response or sensation, Mechanical techniques
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verbs topic(weather) dissimilarities
accept cloudy
friendly/unfriendly
add cold accurate/inaccurate
admire foggy attentive/inattentive
admit windy best/worst
advise snow dead/alive
afford humid dry/wet
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Using imagery
Friendship
evil
hope
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Russian- brat [брат] (brother)
English - brat (annoying person)
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Using Physical Response or sensation
Touch the floor, put
your notebook in your backpack, come here, take out
a pencil. Put the pencil in your bag.
Laugh, giggle, snap your fingers, take a walk, shout, sneeze.
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Direct Strategies
II. Cognitive strategies
A. Practicing
Repeating,
Formally, Formula/Pattern, Recombining,
Naturalistically
B. Analyzing and reasoning
Analyzing expressions, Analyzing Contrastively, Translating
C. Creating structure for input and output
Taking notes, Summarizing, Highlighting
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Direct Strategies
III. Compensation strategies
A. Guessing intelligently
Using linguistic and other clues
B. Overcoming limitations in speaking
and writing
Help!, Gesture, Avoidance, Topic
Selection, Adjusting/Approximating, Coining words, Circumlocution/Synonym
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When a learner recognizes the words ball, player,
and winner in a conversation, it could be understood
that it is about sport.
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Indirect Strategies
I. Metacognitive strategies
A. Centering your learning
Focus, Paying attention, Just listening
B. Arranging and planning
your learning
Organizing, Setting goals, Identifying
purposes, Planning for task, Seeking times to practice
C. Evaluating your learning
Self-monitor, Self-evaluating
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Indirect Strategies
II. Affective strategies
A. Lowering your anxiety
Relaxation/meditation, Music
B. Encouraging yourself
Positive statements,
Rewarding yourself
C. Taking your emotional temperature
Body awareness, Diary, Sharing feelings
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Indirect Strategies
III. Social strategies
A. Asking questions
Clarification/verification, Correction
B. Cooperation with others
Peer support,
Interaction with native speakers
C. Empathizing with others
Developing cultural understanding, Becoming aware of others’ thoughts and feelings
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Matching strategies and tasks
Example: In a conversation, understanding
the message without understanding every word
Strategies to try:
-
listening for key words (stress, intonation, pause)
- make educated guesses about the meaning based on the topic, context, who is speaking, tone, body lang.
-predicting what the speaker might say
-asking clarification questions
-asking the speaker to repeat, slow down
Try to avoid:
-getting frustrated if (when) you don’t understand every word
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Why do you want to learn another language?
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Learning styles
How do you use your
physical senses?
visual/auditory/kinesthetic
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Learning styles
What kinds of learning tasks do you
enjoy?
extraverted/introverted
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Learning styles
How do you approach learning tasks?
closure-oriented/open
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Learning styles
How do you deal with language rules?
deductive/inductive
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What are “effective” language learning strategies?
Researchers have explored:
what
“good” or “effective” language learners do
the relationship between strategy
use and language learning outcomes
the relationship between learning styles and language learning strategies
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What the research says
about strategies
(Cohen 2001)
Students with
greater motivation tend to use strategies with greater frequency
Students
at higher levels of proficiency use a more diverse repertoire of strategies
Students at higher levels of proficiency use self-monitoring strategies
Students can learn new strategies
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The “good” language learner...
plans goals for language learning
plans
what to accomplish each day or week
takes responsibility for
finding opportunities to practice
tries to notice errors and find out reasons for them
checks over what he/s writes
has a regular language –learning partner
creates associations between new and familiar material
puts new words in sentences/context
tries to relax when feeling anxious
study every day. Language learning is cumulative
Prompter
Participant Resource Tutor